Tatanka may refer to:
- Tatanka Iyotake (1831–1890), better known as Sitting Bull, medicine man and leader of the Hunkpapa Sioux
- American bison, tatanka in the Lakota language
- Tatanka (wrestler), ring name of American professional wrestler Chris Chavis
- Tatanka, a traditional Polish drink made with Żubrówka and apple juice
- "Tatanka" a song from Devil's Canyon by Molly Hatchet