Sexual Selection
In sexual selection, traits are selected via the pressure of mate selection, and signalling can be one of those traits. For example, the male gray tree frog, Hyla versicolor, produces a call which is used to attract a female. Once the female chooses a male, this selects for a specific style of male calling, thus propagating a specific signalling ability. The signal, in this context, can be either the call itself, the intensity of a call, its variation style, repetition, etc.
Read more about this topic: Signalling Theory
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