Categories of SPAD
There are a number of ways that a train can pass a signal at danger without authority, and in the UK these fall into four basic categories;
- A Category A SPAD is where the signalling equipment was working properly, but the train passed the signal at danger even though there was adequate opportunity for it to stop.
- A Category B SPAD is where the signal reverted to danger in front of the train due to an equipment failure or signaller error, and the train was unable to stop before passing the signal.
- A Category C SPAD is where the signal reverted to danger in front of the train due to an emergency, and the train was unable to stop before passing the signal.
- A Category D SPAD is where the train ran out of control and could not be stopped from passing a signal at danger.
Read more about this topic: Signal Passed At Danger
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