RLS may stand for:
- Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894), Scottish author
- Rutgers Law School (disambiguation)
- Remote Laptop Security, an encryption solution to protect data on stolen laptops
- Restless legs syndrome, a medical disorder
- Reversing language shift, a model for revitalizing endangered languages
- Real-life superhero, a person who dresses and/or acts like comic book superheroes
- Royal Latin School, a grammar school in Buckingham, England
- Stevenson School, formerly known as Robert Louis Stevenson School, in California
- Recursive least squares filter, an adaptive filter algorithm for digital signal processing
- Rial (disambiguation), plurally abbreviated Rls, units of currency in several middle-eastern countries
- Real-life slash, a sub-genre of Real person fiction
- Riverland Lending Services, a bank in the Riverland, South Australia