| Raised and lowered | |
|---|---|
| ◌̝ | |
| ◌̞ |
A raised sound is articulated with the tongue or lip raised higher than some reference point. In the IPA this is indicated with the uptack diacritic U+031D ̝ combining up tack below (HTML: ̝).
A lowered sound is articulated with the tongue or lip lowered (the mouth more open) than some reference point. In the IPA this is indicated with the downtack diacritic U+031E ̞ combining down tack below (HTML: ̞). Both consonants and vowels may be marked as raised or lowered.
When there is no room for the tack under a letter, it may be written after, using: U+02D4 ˔ modifier letter up tack as in, or U+02D5 ˕ modifier letter down tack as in .
Read more about this topic: Relative Articulation
Famous quotes containing the words raised and/or lowered:
“History is nothing but a procession of false Absolutes, a series of temples raised to pretexts, a degradation of the mind before the Improbable.”
—E.M. Cioran (b. 1911)
“And in the next instant, immediately behind them, Victor saw his former wife.
At once he lowered his gaze, automatically tapping his cigarette to dislodge the ash that had not yet had time to form. From somewhere low down his heart rose like a fist to deliver an uppercut, drew back, struck again, then went into a fast disorderly throb, contradicting the music and drowning it.”
—Vladimir Nabokov (1899–1977)