| Raised and lowered | |
|---|---|
| ◌̝ | |
| ◌̞ |
A raised sound is articulated with the tongue or lip raised higher than some reference point. In the IPA this is indicated with the uptack diacritic U+031D ̝ combining up tack below (HTML: ̝).
A lowered sound is articulated with the tongue or lip lowered (the mouth more open) than some reference point. In the IPA this is indicated with the downtack diacritic U+031E ̞ combining down tack below (HTML: ̞). Both consonants and vowels may be marked as raised or lowered.
When there is no room for the tack under a letter, it may be written after, using: U+02D4 ˔ modifier letter up tack as in, or U+02D5 ˕ modifier letter down tack as in .
Read more about this topic: Relative Articulation
Famous quotes containing the words raised and/or lowered:
“The obvious parallels between Star Wars and The Wizard of Oz have frequently been noted: in both there is the orphan hero who is raised on a farm by an aunt and uncle and yearns to escape to adventure. Obi-wan Kenobi resembles the Wizard; the loyal, plucky little robot R2D2 is Toto; C3PO is the Tin Man; and Chewbacca is the Cowardly Lion. Darth Vader replaces the Wicked Witch: this is a patriarchy rather than a matriarchy.”
—Andrew Gordon, U.S. educator, critic. “The Inescapable Family in American Science Fiction and Fantasy Films,” Journal of Popular Film and Television (Summer 1992)
“No man has hired us
With pocketed hands
And lowered faces
We stand about in open places
And shiver in unlit rooms.”
—T.S. (Thomas Stearns)