Multiple Reference Frames
Some modern video encoding standards, such as H.264/AVC, allow the use of multiple reference frames. This allows the video encoder to choose among more than one previously decoded frame on which to base each macroblock in the next frame. While the best frame for this purpose is usually the previous frame, the extra reference frames can improve compression efficiency and/or video quality. Note that different reference frames can be chosen for different macroblocks in the same frame. The maximum number of concurrent reference frames supported by H.264 is 16. Different reference frames can be chosen for each 8x8 partition of a macroblock. Another video format that supports multiple reference frames is Snow, which can handle up to eight. The Theora codec provides a limited form of multiple reference frames, allowing references to both the preceding frame and the most recent intra frame.
Read more about this topic: Reference Frame (video)
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