Some articles on private:
Nanboku-chō Period - Rise of The shugo Lords - Shugo and Public Lands (kokugaryo)
... during the Heian period were distinguished from private lands of the estates (shōen), because the latter were immune from state taxation ... Before the rise of private estates, the only kind of lands were public lands maintained under the old civil administration ... With the rise of private estates called shōen, during the Heian period, public lands by no means disappeared in details, the public lands differed very little from private estates ...
... during the Heian period were distinguished from private lands of the estates (shōen), because the latter were immune from state taxation ... Before the rise of private estates, the only kind of lands were public lands maintained under the old civil administration ... With the rise of private estates called shōen, during the Heian period, public lands by no means disappeared in details, the public lands differed very little from private estates ...
Famous quotes containing the words holdings and/or private:
“Polarized light showed the secret architecture of bodies; and when the second-sight of the mind is opened, now one color or form or gesture, and now another, has a pungency, as if a more interior ray had been emitted, disclosing its deep holdings in the frame of things.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
“A private should preserve a respectful attitude toward his superiors, and should seldom or never proceed so far as to offer suggestions to his general in the field. If the battle is not being conducted to suit him, it is better for him to resign. By the etiquette of war, it is permitted to none below the rank of newspaper correspondent to dictate to the general in the field.”
—Mark Twain [Samuel Langhorne Clemens] (1835–1910)
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