Some articles on private:
Nanboku-chō Period - Rise of The shugo Lords - Shugo and Public Lands (kokugaryo)
... Public lands (kokugaryo) during the Heian period were distinguished from private lands of the estates (shōen), because the latter were immune from state taxation ... Before the rise of private estates, the only kind of lands were public lands maintained under the old civil administration ... With the rise of private estates called shōen, during the Heian period, public lands by no means disappeared in details, the public lands differed very little from private ...
... Public lands (kokugaryo) during the Heian period were distinguished from private lands of the estates (shōen), because the latter were immune from state taxation ... Before the rise of private estates, the only kind of lands were public lands maintained under the old civil administration ... With the rise of private estates called shōen, during the Heian period, public lands by no means disappeared in details, the public lands differed very little from private ...
Famous quotes containing the words holdings and/or private:
“Polarized light showed the secret architecture of bodies; and when the second-sight of the mind is opened, now one color or form or gesture, and now another, has a pungency, as if a more interior ray had been emitted, disclosing its deep holdings in the frame of things.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
“Consider any individual at any period of his life, and you will always find him preoccupied with fresh plans to increase his comfort. Do not talk to him about the interests and rights of the human race; that little private business of his for the moment absorbs all his thoughts, and he hopes that public disturbances can be put off to some other time.”
—Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859)
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