Praetorian is an adjective derived from the ancient Roman office of praetor. It may refer to:
- Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated troops serving as the personal guard of Roman Emperors
- Praetorian prefect, the title of a high office in the Roman Empire
- Praetorian prefecture, the largest administrative division of the late Roman Empire, above the mid-level dioceses and the low-level provinces
- Praetorian prefecture of Africa, division of the Eastern Roman Empire established after the reconquest of northwestern Africa from the Vandals
- Praetorian prefecture of Gaul, included Gaul, Upper and Lower Germany, Roman Britain, Spain and Mauretania Tingitana in Africa
- Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum, included, in its greatest expanse, Pannonia, Noricum, Crete and most of the Balkan peninsula except Thrace
- Praetorian prefecture of Italy, included the Italian peninsula, the Western Balkans, the Danubian provinces and parts of North Africa
- Praetorian prefecture of the East, included the larger part of the Eastern Roman Empire
- Praetorian Palace, a 14th-century Venetian palace in the city of Koper, Slovenia
- Praetorian Building, one of the first high-rise buildings to be constructed in Dallas, Texas
- Praetorians Roma, an Italian rugby union team scheduled to begin play in the Magners League in 2010
- Praetorians (video game), a 2003 real-time strategy computer game
- Praetorians (album), a 2008 black metal album by Naer Mataron
- Praetorian (novel), book by Simon Scarrow
- Pax Praetoriana, refers to the relative stability of modern South Africa and its encouragement of democratic governments in other African states
- The Praetorian, a conservative newspaper at the University of California, Riverside