Plumage refers both to the layer of feathers that cover a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers. The pattern and colours of plumage vary between species and subspecies and can also vary between different age classes, sexes, and season. Within species there can also be a number of different colour morphs. Differences in plumage are used by ornithologists and birdwatchers in order to distinguish between species and collect other species specific information.
Read more about Plumage: Humphrey-Parkes (H-P) Moult and Plumage Terminology, Eclipse Plumage, Abnormal Plumages, Pigmentation Conditions