Optic Tract - Additional Images

Additional Images

Diagram of hippocampus
Schematic diagram of the primate lateral geniculate nucleus.
Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view.
Coronal section of brain through intermediate mass of third ventricle.
Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view.
Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerves and optic tracts.
Base of brain.
Section of brain showing upper surface of temporal lobe.
Dissection showing the course of the cerebrospinal fibers.
Human brainstem anterior view
Optic tract and optic nerve
Optic tract

Sensory system: Visual system and eye movement pathways

Visual perception

1° (Bipolar cell of Retina) → 2° (Ganglionic cell) → 3° (Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → LGN of Thalamus) → 4° (Optic radiation → Cuneus and Lingual gyrus of Visual cortex → Blobs → Globs)

Muscles of orbit

Tracking	Smooth pursuit: Parietal lobe · Occipital lobe Saccade: Frontal eye fields Nystagmus → Fixation reflex → PPRF

Horizontal gaze	PPRF → Abducens nucleus → MLF → Oculomotor nucleus → Medial rectus muscle

Vertical gaze	Rostral interstitial nucleus → Oculomotor nucleus, Trochlear nucleus → Muscles of orbit

Vestibulo-ocular reflex	Semicircular canal → Vestibulocochlear nerve → Vestibular nuclei → Abducens nucleus → MLF (Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers) → Oculomotor nucleus → Medial rectus muscle

Pupillary reflex

Pupillary dilation	1° (Posterior hypothalamus → Ciliospinal center) → 2° (Superior cervical ganglion) → 3° (Sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion → Nasociliary nerve → Long ciliary nerves → Iris dilator muscle)

Pupillary light reflex (constriction)	1° (Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Pretectal nucleus) → 2° (Edinger-Westphal nucleus) → 3° (Oculomotor nerve → Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion → Ciliary ganglion) → (4° Short ciliary nerves → Iris sphincter muscle)

Accommodation vergence	1° (Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Visual cortex → Brodmann area 19 → Pretectal area) → 2° (Edinger-Westphal nucleus) → 3° (Short ciliary nerves → Ciliary ganglion → Ciliary muscle)

Circadian rhythm

Retina → Hypothalamus (Suprachiasmatic nucleus)

M: EYE

anat(g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot

noco/cong/tumr, epon

proc, drug(S1A/1E/1F/1L)

Nervous system: Sensory systems / senses (TA A15)

Special senses	Visual system/sight Auditory system/hearing Chemoreception Olfactory system/smell Gustatory system/taste

Touch	Pain Nociception Heat Thermoception Balance Equilibrioception Mechanoreception Pressure vibration Proprioception

Other	Sensory receptor

Nerves of head and neck: the cranial nerves and nuclei (TA A14.2.01, GA 9.855)

olfactory (AON->I)

olfactory bulb
olfactory tract

optic (LGN->II)

optic chiasm
optic tract

oculomotor
(ON, EWN->III)

superior branch
- parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion/ciliary ganglion
inferior branch

trochlear (TN->IV)

no significant branches

trigeminal
(PSN, TSN, MN, TMN->V)

trigeminal ganglion
ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

abducens (AN->VI)

no significant branches

facial (FMN, SN, SSN->VII)

near origin	nervus intermedius geniculate

inside facial canal	greater petrosal pterygopalatine ganglion nerve to the stapedius chorda tympani lingual nerve submandibular ganglion

at stylomastoid foramen	posterior auricular suprahyoid digastric stylohyoid parotid plexus temporal zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical

vestibulocochlear
(VN, CN->VIII)

cochlear
- striae medullares
- lateral lemniscus
vestibular
- Scarpa's ganglion

glossopharyngeal
(NA, ISN, SN->IX)

before jugular fossa	ganglia superior inferior

after jugular fossa	tympanic tympanic plexus lesser petrosal otic ganglion stylopharyngeal branch pharyngeal branches tonsillar branches lingual branches carotid sinus

vagus
(NA, DNVN, SN->X)

before jugular fossa	ganglia superior inferior

after jugular fossa	meningeal branch auricular branch

neck	pharyngeal branch pharyngeal plexus superior laryngeal external internal recurrent laryngeal (inferior) superior cervical cardiac

thorax	inferior cardiac pulmonary vagal trunks anterior posterior

abdomen	celiac renal hepatic anterior gastric posterior gastric

accessory (NA, SAN->XI)

cranial
spinal

hypoglossal (HN->XII)

lingual branches

M: PNS

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

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