Nucleophilic Substitution - Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

There are many reactions in organic chemistry that involve this type of mechanism. Common examples include

  • Organic reductions with hydrides, for example
R-X → R-H using LiAlH4 (SN2)
  • hydrolysis reactions such as
R-Br + OH− → R-OH + Br− (SN2) or
R-Br + H2O → R-OH + HBr (SN1)
  • Williamson ether synthesis
R-Br + OR'− → R-OR' + Br− (SN2)
  • The Wenker synthesis, a ring-closing reaction of aminoalcohols.
  • The Finkelstein reaction, a halide exchange reaction. Phosphorus nucleophiles appear in the Perkow reaction and the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction.
  • The Kolbe nitrile synthesis, the reaction of alkyl halides with cyanides.

Read more about this topic:  Nucleophilic Substitution

Famous quotes containing the words substitution and/or reactions:

    “To play is nothing but the imitative substitution of a pleasurable, superfluous and voluntary action for a serious, necessary, imperative and difficult one. At the cradle of play as well as of artistic activity there stood leisure, tedium entailed by increased spiritual mobility, a horror vacui, the need of letting forms no longer imprisoned move freely, of filling empty time with sequences of notes, empty space with sequences of form.”
    —Max J. Friedländer (1867–1958)

    “Separation anxiety is normal part of development, but individual reactions are partly explained by experience, that is, by how frequently children have been left in the care of others.... A mother who is never apart from her young child may be saying to him or her subliminally: “You are only safe when I’m with you.””
    —Cathy Rindner Tempelsman (20th century)