Editions
The first and last entries in the following table aren't NA editions, but they are included for the sake of continuity.
Although these early editions were authorized by different bodies, they are sometimes considered part of the same series.
| Edition | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| BNA | 1895 | Work on a new international system of anatomical terminology began in 1887. The system was approved in 1895 by the Ninth Congress of the Anatomische Gesellschaft in Basel (then "Basle"), Switzerland. It became known as the Basle Nomina Anatomica (BNA). The BNA reduced the number of anatomical terms from 50,000 down to 5,528.
The International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) is the international body representing anatomical societies from throughout the world. The First Federative International Congress of Anatomy met in Geneva in 1903. |
| BNA revisions | 1933–1935 | The BNA was adopted by anatomists from many countries including Spain and the United States, but the reception was far from universal.
The BNA and its various revisions (BR, JNA) remained standard international terminology until 1955. |
| first edition of Nomina Anatomica | 1956 | The Fifth Congress (Oxford, 1950) established a committee, the International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (IANC), to work on standardized anatomical terminology. The IANC’s revision of the BNA was approved in 1955 at the Sixth Congress, meeting in Paris. It was originally called the Parisiensia Nomina Anatomica (PNA) but later became known simply as the Nomina Anatomica (NA).
It contained 5,640 terms, of which 4,286 were unchanged from the BNA. The committee favored the BNA's orthograde orientation (anatomical position) over the JNA's pronograde orientation, which led to a schism with veterinary anatomists, and the subsequent publication of the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria in 1968. |
| second edition | 1961 | Revisions of Nomina Anatomica were approved at the Seventh Congress (New York, 1960) |
| third edition | 1966 | the Eighth Congress (Wiesbaden, 1965) |
| fourth edition | 1977 | the Ninth Congress (Leningrad, 1970), the Tenth Congress (Tokyo, 1975). The fourth edition introduced the Nomina Histologica and Nomina Embryologica. |
| fifth edition | 1983 | the Eleventh Congress (Mexico City, 1980). |
| sixth edition | 1989 | the Twelfth Congress (London, 1985). (The title of the sixth edition includes the phrase "authorised by the Twelfth International Congress of Anatomists in London, 1985", but this authorization is disputed.) |
| Terminologia Anatomica (see below) | 1998 | the Thirteenth Congress (Rio de Janeiro, 1989) |
Read more about this topic: Nomina Anatomica
Famous quotes containing the word editions:
“The next Augustan age will dawn on the other side of the Atlantic. There will, perhaps, be a Thucydides at Boston, a Xenophon at New York, and, in time, a Virgil at Mexico, and a Newton at Peru. At last, some curious traveller from Lima will visit England and give a description of the ruins of St Paul’s, like the editions of Balbec and Palmyra.”
—Horace Walpole (1717–1797)
“The next Augustan age will dawn on the other side of the Atlantic. There will, perhaps, be a Thucydides at Boston, a Xenophon at New York, and, in time, a Virgil at Mexico, and a Newton at Peru. At last, some curious traveller from Lima will visit England and give a description of the ruins of St. Paul’s, like the editions of Balbec and Palmyra.”
—Horace Walpole (1717–1797)