Navigation - Basic Concepts

Basic Concepts

Longitude (λ)
Lines of longitude appear vertical with varying curvature in this projection, but are actually halves of great ellipses, with identical radii at a given latitude.
Latitude (φ)
Lines of latitude appear horizontal with varying curvature in this projection; but are actually circular with different radii. All locations with a given latitude are collectively referred to as a circle of latitude.
The equator divides the planet into a Northern Hemisphere and a Southern Hemisphere, and has a latitude of 0°.
Geodesy
Fundamentals
  • Geodesy
  • Geodynamics
  • Geomatics
  • Cartography
Concepts
  • Datum
  • Distance
  • Geoid
  • Fig. Earth
  • Geodetic system
  • Geodesic
  • Geog. coord. system
  • Hor. pos. represent.
  • Lat. / Long.
  • Map proj.
  • Ref. ellipsoid
  • Satellite geodesy
  • Spatial ref. system
Technologies
  • GNSS
  • GPS
  • GLONASS
  • IRNSS
Standards
  • ED50
  • ETRS89
  • GRS 80
  • NAD83
  • NAVD88
  • SAD69
  • SRID
  • UTM
  • WGS84
History
  • History of geodesy
  • NAVD29

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