Basic Concepts
| Longitude (λ) | |||||||||||||
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| Lines of longitude appear vertical with varying curvature in this projection, but are actually halves of great ellipses, with identical radii at a given latitude. | |||||||||||||
| Latitude (φ) | |||||||||||||
| Lines of latitude appear horizontal with varying curvature in this projection; but are actually circular with different radii. All locations with a given latitude are collectively referred to as a circle of latitude. | |||||||||||||
| The equator divides the planet into a Northern Hemisphere and a Southern Hemisphere, and has a latitude of 0°. | |||||||||||||
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