Some Practical Applications
Quite generally, just as in one variable, one can use the multiple integral to find the average of a function over a given set. Given a set D ⊆ Rn and an integrable function f over D, the average value of f over its domain is given by
where m(D) is the measure of D.
Additionally, multiple integrals are used in many applications in physics. The examples below also show some variations in the notation.
In mechanics, the moment of inertia is calculated as the volume integral (triple integral) of the density weighed with the square of the distance from the axis:
The gravitational potential associated with a mass distribution given by a mass measure dm on three-dimensional Euclidean space R3 is
If there is a continuous function ρ(x) representing the density of the distribution at x, so that dm(x) = ρ(x)d 3x, where d 3x is the Euclidean volume element, then the gravitational potential is
In electromagnetism, Maxwell's equations can be written using multiple integrals to calculate the total magnetic and electric fields. In the following example, the electric field produced by a distribution of charges given by the volume charge density is obtained by a triple integral of a vector function:
This can also be written as an integral with respect to a signed measure representing the charge distribution.
Read more about this topic: Multiple Integral
Famous quotes containing the word practical:
“After all, the practical reason why, when the power is once in the hands of the people, a majority are permitted, and for a long period continue, to rule is not because they are most likely to be in the right, nor because this seems fairest to the minority, but because they are physically the strongest. But a government in which the majority rule in all cases cannot be based on justice, even as far as men understand it.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)