Bit Rate
Several bit rates are specified in the MPEG-1 Audio Layer III standard: 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256 and 320 kbit/s, with available sampling frequencies of 32, 44.1 and 48 kHz. MPEG-2 Audio Layer III allows bit rates of 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 144, 160 kbit/s with sampling frequencies of 16, 22.05 and 24 kHz. MPEG-2.5 Audio Layer III is restricted to bit rates of 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56 and 64 kbps with sampling frequencies of 8, 11.025, and 12 kHz. Because of the Nyquist/Shannon theorem, frequency reproduction is always half of the sampling frequency, so 8 kHz sampling rate limits the maximum frequency to 4kHz, while 48kHz maximum sampling rate limits an MP3 to 24kHz sound reproduction.
A sample rate of 44.1 kHz is almost always used, because this is also used for CD audio, the main source used for creating MP3 files. A greater variety of bit rates are used on the Internet. The rate of 128 kbit/s is commonly used, at a compression ratio of 11:1, offering adequate audio quality in a relatively small space. As Internet bandwidth availability and hard drive sizes have increased, higher bit rates up to 320 kbit/s are widespread.
Uncompressed audio as stored on an audio-CD has a bit rate of 1,411.2 kbit/s, so the bitrates 128, 160 and 192 kbit/s represent compression ratios of approximately 11:1, 9:1 and 7:1 respectively.
Non-standard bit rates up to 640 kbit/s can be achieved with the LAME encoder and the freeformat option, although few MP3 players can play those files. According to the ISO standard, decoders are only required to be able to decode streams up to 320 kbit/s.
| MPEG-1 Audio Layer III |
MPEG-2 Audio Layer III |
MPEG-2.5 Audio Layer III |
|---|---|---|
| - | 8 | 8 |
| - | 16 | 16 |
| - | 24 | 24 |
| 32 | 32 | 32 |
| 40 | 40 | 40 |
| 48 | 48 | 48 |
| 56 | 56 | 56 |
| 64 | 64 | 64 |
| 80 | 80 | |
| 96 | 96 | |
| 112 | 112 | |
| 128 | 128 | |
| 144 | 144 | |
| 160 | 160 | |
| 192 | - | - |
| 224 | - | - |
| 256 | - | - |
| 320 | - | - |
| MPEG-1 Audio Layer III |
MPEG-2 Audio Layer III |
MPEG-2.5 Audio Layer III |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | 8000 Hz |
| - | - | 11025 Hz |
| - | - | 12000 Hz |
| - | 16000 Hz | - |
| - | 22050 Hz | - |
| - | 24000 Hz | - |
| 32000 Hz | - | - |
| 44100 Hz | - | - |
| 48000 Hz | - | - |
Read more about this topic: MP3
Famous quotes containing the words bit and/or rate:
“Her crop was a miscellany
When all was said and done,
A little bit of everything,
A great deal of none.”
—Robert Frost (1874–1963)
“At this very moment,... the most frightful horrors are taking place in every corner of the world. People are being crushed, slashed, disembowelled, mangled; their dead bodies rot and their eyes decay with the rest. Screams of pain and fear go pulsing through the air at the rate of eleven hundred feet per second. After travelling for three seconds they are perfectly inaudible. These are distressing facts; but do we enjoy life any the less because of them? Most certainly we do not.”
—Aldous Huxley (1894–1963)