Distribution
It is a migratory bird, nesting in south-west Asia and wintering southwards as far as north-east Africa. The subspecies S. m. mystacea breeds from the Caspian Sea region of Russia down through Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and easternmost Turkey to northern Iran. S. m. rubescens breeds locally in south-east Turkey, Syria, Iraq, western Iran and possibly in Lebanon. S. m. turcmenica occurs from north-east Iran eastward to the Syr Darya valley in Central Asia and the Balochistan region in Pakistan.
The winter range covers southern Iran, Arabia and Northeast Africa from Sudan to Somalia. A few birds pass through Israel and Jordan on migration and vagrants have been recorded from Portugal, Nigeria and Niger.
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