Market Power and Elasticity of Demand
Market power is the ability to raise price above marginal cost and earn a positive profit. The degree to which a firm can raise price above marginal cost depends on the shape of the demand curve at the profit maximizing output. That is, elasticity is the critical factor in determining market power. The relationship between market power and the price elasticity of demand (PED) can be summarized by the equation:
- P/MC = PED/(1 + PED)
Note that PED will be negative, so the ratio is always greater than one. The higher the P/MC ratio, the more market power the firm possesses. As PED increases in magnitude, the P/MC ratio approaches one, and market power approaches zero. The equation is derived from the monopolist pricing rule:
- (P - MC)/P = -1/PED
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Famous quotes containing the words market, power, elasticity and/or demand:
“Have you not heard of that madman who lit a lantern in the bright morning hours, ran to the market place, and cried incessantly: “I seek God! I seek God!””
—Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)
“I call the discourse of power any discourse that engenders blame, hence guilt, in its recipient.”
—Roland Barthes (1915–1980)
“One of the reforms to be carried out during the incoming administration is a change in our monetary and banking laws, so as to secure greater elasticity in the forms of currency available for trade and to prevent the limitations of law from operating to increase the embarrassment of a financial panic.”
—William Howard Taft (1857–1930)
“risk is full: every living thing in
siege: the demand is life, to keep life: the small
white blacklegged egret, how beautiful, quietly stalks and spears
the shallows, darts to shore
to stab—”
—Archie Randolph Ammons (b. 1926)