Monolithic Integrated Circuit Logic Families Compared
The following logic families would either have been used to build up systems from functional blocks such as flip-flops, counters, and gates, or else would be used as "glue" logic to interconnect very-large scale integration devices such as memory and processors. Not shown are some early obscure logic families from the early 1960s such as DCTL (direct-coupled transistor logic), which did not become widely available.
Propagation delay is the time taken for a two-input NAND gate to produce a result after a change of state at its inputs. Toggle speed represents the fastest speed at which a J-K flip flop could operate. Power per gate is for an individual 2-input NAND gate; usually there would be more than one gate per IC package. Values are very typical and would vary slightly depending on application conditions, manufacturer, temperature, and particular type of logic circuit. Introduction year is when at least some of the devices of the family were available in volume for civilian uses. Some military applications pre-dated civilian use.
| Family | Description | Propagation delay (ns) | Toggle speed (MHz) | Power per gate @1 MHz (mW) | Typical supply voltage V (range) | Introduction year | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RTL | Resistor–transistor logic | 4 | 10 | 3.3 | 1963 | the first CPU built from integrated circuits (the Apollo Guidance Computer) used RTL. | |
| DTL | Diode–transistor logic | 10 | 5 | 1962 | Introduced by Signetics, Fairchild 930 line became industry standard in 1964 | ||
| CMOS | AC/ACT | 3 | 125 | 0.5 | 3.3 or 5 (2-6 or 4.5-5.5) | 1985 | ACT has TTL Compatible levels |
| CMOS | HC/HCT | 9 | 50 | 0.5 | 5 (2-6 or 4.5-5.5) | 1982 | HCT has TTL compatible levels |
| CMOS | 4000B/74C | 30 | 5 | 1.2 | 10V (3-18) | 1970 | Approximately half speed and power at 5 volts |
| TTL | Original series | 10 | 25 | 10 | 5 (4.75-5.25) | 1964 | Several manufacturers |
| TTL | L | 33 | 3 | 1 | 5 (4.75-5.25) | 1964 | Low power |
| TTL | H | 6 | 43 | 22 | 5 (4.75-5.25) | 1964 | High speed |
| TTL | S | 3 | 100 | 19 | 5 (4.75-5.25) | 1969 | Schottky high speed |
| TTL | LS | 10 | 40 | 2 | 5 (4.75-5.25) | 1976 | Low power Schottky high speed |
| TTL | ALS | 4 | 50 | 1.3 | 5 (4.5-5.5) | 1976 | Advanced Low power Schottky |
| TTL | F | 3.5 | 100 | 5.4 | 5 (4.75-5.25) | 1979 | Fast |
| TTL | AS | 2 | 105 | 8 | 5 (4.5-5.5) | 1980 | Advanced Schottky |
| TTL | G | 1.5 | 1125 (1.125 GHz) | 1.65 - 3.6 | 2004 | First GHz 7400 series logic | |
| ECL | ECL III | 1 | 500 | 60 | -5.2(-5.19 - -5.21) | 1968 | Improved ECL |
| ECL | MECL I | 8 | 31 | -5.2 | 1962 | first integrated logic circuit commercially produced | |
| ECL | ECL 10K | 2 | 125 | 25 | -5.2(-5.19 - -5.21) | 1971 | Motorola |
| ECL | ECL 100K | 0.75 | 350 | 40 | -4.5(-4.2 - -5.2) | 1981 | |
| ECL | ECL 100KH | 1 | 250 | 25 | -5.2(-4.9 - -5.5) | 1981 |
Read more about this topic: Logic Families
Famous quotes containing the words monolithic, integrated, circuit, logic, families and/or compared:
“Peer pressure is not a monolithic force that presses adolescents into the same mold. . . . Adolescents generally choose friend whose values, attitudes, tastes, and families are similar to their own. In short, good kids rarely go bad because of their friends.”
—Laurence Steinberg (20th century)
“Science is intimately integrated with the whole social structure and cultural tradition. They mutually support one other—only in certain types of society can science flourish, and conversely without a continuous and healthy development and application of science such a society cannot function properly.”
—Talcott Parsons (1902–1979)
“each new victim treads unfalteringly
The never altered circuit of his fate,
Bringing twelve peers as witness
Both to his starry rise and starry fall.”
—Robert Graves (1895–1985)
“The logic of the world is prior to all truth and falsehood.”
—Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951)
“The brotherhood of men does not imply their equality. Families have their fools and their men of genius, their black sheep and their saints, their worldly successes and their worldly failures. A man should treat his brothers lovingly and with justice, according to the deserts of each. But the deserts of every brother are not the same.”
—Aldous Huxley (1894–1963)
“What’s breaking into a bank compared with founding a bank?”
—Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956)