List of State Leaders in 1877 - Europe

Europe

  • Andorra - Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta (President of France) and Josep Caixal i Estradé (Bishop of Urgel), co-Princes (1873–1879 and 1853–1879)
  • Austria-Hungary - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
    • Minister-President of Austria - Prince Adolf of Auersperg (1871–1879)
    • Minister-President of Hungary - Kálmán Tisza (1875–1890)
  • Belgium
    • Monarch - Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
    • Cabinet Chief - Jules Malou, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1871–1878, 1884)
  • Kingdom of Denmark
    • Monarch - Christian IX (1863–1906)
    • Prime Minister - Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup (1875–1894)
  • French Third Republic -
    • President - Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta (1873–1879)
    • President of the Council -
      1. Jules Simon (1876–1877)
      2. Duc de Broglie (1877)
      3. Gaëtan de Rochebouët (1877)
      4. Jules Armand Dufaure (1877–1879)
  • German Empire -
    • Monarch - Wilhelm I (1871–1888)
    • Chancellor - Otto von Bismarck (1871–1890)
  • Kingdom of Greece -
    • Monarch - George I, King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Alexandros Koumoundouros (1876–1877)
      2. Epameinondas Deligiorgis (1877)
      3. Alexandros Koumoundouros (1877)
      4. Constantine Kanaris (1877)
      5. Alexandros Koumoundouros, Prime Minister of Greece (1877–1878)
  • Holy See - Pope Pius IX (1846–1878)
  • Kingdom of Italy
    • Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele II (1861–1878)
    • Prime Minister - Agostino Depretis (1876–1878)
  • Principality of Liechtenstein - Johann II (1858–1929)
  • Luxembourg
    • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
    • Prime Minister - Félix de Blochausen (1874–1885)
  • Monaco - Charles III, Prince of Monaco (1856–1889)
  • Principality of Montenegro - Nicholas I (1860-1910/1918/1921)
  • Kingdom of the Netherlands -
    • Monarch - William III (1849–1890)
    • Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers -
      1. Jan Heemskerk (1874–1877, 1883–1888)
      2. Jan Kappeyne van de Coppello (1877–1879)
  • Kingdom of Norway - Union between Sweden and Norway - Oscar II (1872–1905)
  • Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
    • Monarch - Abdul Hamid II (1876–1909)
    • Grand Vizier -
      1. Midhat Pasha (1876–1877)
      2. Tunuslu Ibrahim Edhem Pasha (1877–1878)
  • Kingdom of Portugal - Luis I (1861–1889)
  • Romanian principalities - Carol I (1866-1881/1914)
  • Russian Empire - Alexander II (1855–1881)
  • San Marino -
    1. Settimio Belluzzi and Michele Ceccoli, Captains-General (1876–1877)
    2. Innocenzo Bonelli and Andrea Barbieri, Captains-General (1877)
    3. Giuliano Belluzzi and Pietro Ugolini, Captains-General (1877–1878)
  • Principality of Serbia - Milan II (1868-1882/1889)
  • Kingdom of Spain -
    • Monarch - Alfonso XII (1875–1885)
    • Prime Minister - Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1874–1875, 1875–1879, 1879–1881, 1884–1885, 1890–1892, 1895–1897)
  • Kingdom of Sweden - Union between Sweden and Norway
    • Monarch - Oscar II (1872–1907)
    • Prime Minister - Louis Gerhard De Geer (1876–1880)
  • Switzerland - Joachim Heer, President of the Swiss Confederation (1877)
  • United Kingdom -
    • Monarch - Victoria (1837–1901)
    • Prime Minister - The Earl of Beaconsfield (1868, 1874–1880)

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