List of State Leaders in 1863 - Europe

Europe

  • Abkhazia - Mikheil, Prince of Abkhazia (1822–1864)
  • Belgium
    • Monarch - Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
    • Cabinet Chief - Charles Rogier, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1847–1852, 1857–1868)
  • Denmark
    • Monarch -
      1. Frederick VII, King of Denmark (1848–1863)
      2. Christian IX, King of Denmark (1863–1906)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Carl Christian Hall, Prime Minister of Denmark (1860–1863)
      2. Ditlev Gothard Monrad, Prime Minister of Denmark (1863–1864)
  • France - Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1852–1870)
  • German Confederation - Franz Joseph of Austria, President of the German Confederation (1850–1866)
    • Austria - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (1848–1916)
    • Bavaria - Maximilian II, King of Bavaria (1848–1864)
    • Hamburg - Nicolaus Ferdinand Haller, First Burgomaster of Hamburg (1863–1864; 1866–1868; 1870; and again 1872–1873)
    • Hanover - George, King of Hanover (1851–1866)
    • Luxembourg
      • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
      • Prime Minister - Victor, Baron de Tornaco, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1860–1867)
    • Prussia -
      • Monarch - Wilhelm I, King of Prussia (1861–1888)
      • Prime Minister - Otto von Bismarck, Minister-President of Prussia (1862–1873)
    • Saxony - Johann, King of Saxony (1854–1873)
    • Württemberg - Wilhelm I, King of Württemberg (1816–1864)
  • Greece -
    • Regency council (1862–1863)
    • Monarch - George I, King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Dimitrios Voulgaris, Prime Minister of Greece (1862–1863)
      2. Aristidis Moraitinis, Prime Minister of Greece (1863)
      3. Zinovios Valvis, Prime Minister of Greece (1863)
      4. Diomidis Kyriakos, Prime Minister of Greece (1863)
      5. Benizelos Rouphos, Prime Minister of Greece (1863)
      6. Dimitrios Voulgaris, Prime Minister of Greece (1863–1864)
  • Papal States - Pope Pius IX (1846–1878)
  • Hungary - Franz Joseph I of Austria, King of Hungary (1848–1916)
  • Italy -
    • Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Italy (1861–1878)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Luigi Carlo Farini, Prime Minister of Italy (1862–1863)
      2. Marco Minghetti, Prime Minister of Italy (1863–1864)
  • Netherlands
    • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
    • Prime Minister - Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1849–1853, 1862–1866, 1871–1872)
  • Norway - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Carl IV, King of Norway (1859–1872)
  • Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
    • Monarch - Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861–1876)
    • Grand Vizier -
      1. Keçecizade Mehmet Fuat Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1861–1863)
      2. Yusuf Kamil Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1863)
      3. Keçecizade Mehmet Fuat Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1863–1866)
  • Portugal - Luis, King of Portugal (1861–1889)
  • Romania - Alexander John Cuza, Prince of Romania (1859–1866)
  • Russia - Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (1855–1881)
  • Spain - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (1833–1868)
  • Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Charles XV, King of Sweden (1859–1872)
  • United Kingdom
    • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837–1901)
    • Prime Minister - Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1859–1865)

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Famous quotes containing the word europe:

    “The Federated Republic of Europe—the United States of Europe—that is what must be. National autonomy no longer suffices. Economic evolution demands the abolition of national frontiers. If Europe is to remain split into national groups, then Imperialism will recommence its work. Only a Federated Republic of Europe can give peace to the world.”
    —Leon Trotsky (1879–1940)

    “In everyone’s youthful dreams, philosophy is still vaguely but inseparably, and with singular truth, associated with the East, nor do after years discover its local habitation in the Western world. In comparison with the philosophers of the East, we may say that modern Europe has yet given birth to none.”
    —Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)

    “The American is said to become full-flavored, and in time a most all-round man, through the polish which Europe can impart.”
    —M. E. W. Sherwood (1826–1903)