Europe
- Denmark–Norway - Christian V, King of Denmark (1670–1699)
- England - Charles II, King of England (1660–1685)
- France - Louis XIV, King of France (1643–1715)
- Holy Roman Empire - Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1658–1705)
- Electors
- Bavaria - Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
- Bohemia - Leopold I, King of Bohemia (1657–1705)
- Brandenburg - Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, 1640–1688
- Cologne -
- Mainz -
- Saxony -
- Trier -
- Ottoman ( Turkish ) Empire
- Sultan - Mehmet IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
- Grand vizier - Kara İbrahim Pasha (1683–1685)
- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland (1674–1696)
- Portugal - Pedro II, King of Portugal (1667–1706)
- Russia - Peter I and Ivan V, Tsars of Russia (1682–1696)
- Savoy - Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy (1675–1730)
- Scotland - Charles II, King of Scotland (1660–1685)
- Spain - Charles II, King of Spain (1665–1700)
- Tuscany - Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1670–1723)
- United Provinces
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Stadtholder - Prince William III of Orange, Stadtholder of Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland (1672–1702)
- Holland - Grand Pensionary Gaspar Fagel of Holland (1672–1688)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1684
Famous quotes containing the word europe:
“All the terrors of the French Republic, which held Austria in awe, were unable to command her diplomacy. But Napoleon sent to Vienna M. de Narbonne, one of the old noblesse, with the morals, manners, and name of that interest, saying, that it was indispensable to send to the old aristocracy of Europe men of the same connection, which, in fact, constitutes a sort of free- masonry. M. de Narbonne, in less than a fortnight, penetrated all the secrets of the imperial cabinet.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
“I’ve come to think of Europe as a hardcover book, America as the paperback version.”
—Don Delillo (b. 1926)
“In Europe an actor is an artist. In Hollywood, if he isn’t working, he’s a bum.”
—Anthony Quinn (b. 1915)