List of State Leaders in 1653 - Europe

Europe

  • England
    1. - Rump Parliament (1649–1653)
    2. - Barebone's Parliament, 1653-1653
    3. - Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the First Protectorate Parliament of the Commonwealth (December 1653-1658)
  • France - Louis XIV, King of France (1643–1715)
  • Ottoman ( Turkish ) Empire - Mehmet IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
  • Parma - Ranuccio II, Duke of Parma (1646–1694)
  • Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Jan II Kazimierz Vasa, King of Poland (1648–1668)
  • Savoy - Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (1638–1675)
  • Sweden - Christina, Queen of Sweden (1632–1654)
  • Tuscany - Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1621–1670)
  • United Provinces
    • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
    • Grand Pensionary of Holland -
      1. Adriaan Pauw (1631–1636, 1651–1653)
      2. Johan de Witt (1653–1672)

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Famous quotes containing the word europe:

    “We are participants, whether we would or not, in the life of the world.... We are partners with the rest. What affects mankind is inevitably our affair as well as the nations of Europe and Asia.”
    —Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924)

    “I’ve come to think of Europe as a hardcover book, America as the paperback version.”
    —Don Delillo (b. 1926)

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    —Edmund Burke (1729–1797)