List of State Leaders in 1644 - Europe

Europe

  • England - Charles I, King of England (1625–1649)
  • France - Louis XIV, King of France (1643–1715)
  • Holy Roman Empire - Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637–1657)
    • Bremen, Prince-Archbishopric -
      1. Frederick II (later Frederick III of Denmark), Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635–1645)
      2. Archduke Leopold William of Austria, rivalling Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635–1645)
    • Halberstadt, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt (1628–1648)
    • Inner Austria and Lower Austria - Archduke Ferdinand IV (simultaneously Emperor Ferdinand III), Archdukes of Inner and Lower Austria (1637–1657)
    • Lorraine - Nicholas Francis, Duke of Lorraine (1634–1661)
    • Magdeburg, Prince-Archbishopric - Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg (1638–1680)
    • Olomouc, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Olomouc (1637–1662)
    • Passau, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Passau (1625–1662)
    • Strasbourg, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg (1626–1662)
    • Verden, Prince-Bishopric - Frederick II (later Frederick III of Denmark), Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden (1623–1629 and again 1635–1644)
  • Ottoman ( Turkish ) Empire - İbrahim, Ottoman Sultan (1640–1648)
  • United Provinces
    • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
    • Stadtholder - Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Utrecht and Zeeland(1625–1647).
      • Holland - Grand Pensionary Jacob Cats (1629–1631, 1636–1651)

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