Europe
- Kingdom of Denmark and Norway - Christian IV (1588–1648)
- Duchy of Schleswig -
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- Christian IV (1588–1648) and Philip (1587–1590) in condominial rule
- Christian IV (1588–1648) and John Adolphus (1590–1616) in condominial rule
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- Duchy of Schleswig -
- Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Ireland — Elizabeth I (1558–1603)
- Kingdom of France - Henry IV (1589–1610)
- Holy Roman Empire - Rudolf II (1576–1612)
- Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen - John Adolphus (1589–1596)
- Duchy of Holstein -
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- Christian IV (1588–1648) and Philip (1587–1590) in condominial rule
- Christian IV (1588–1648) and John Adolphus (1590–1616) in condominial rule
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- Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck - John Adolphus (1586–1607)
- Royal Hungary - Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (as Rudolf I) (1576–1608)
- Kingdom of Navarre - Henry III (1572–1610)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire - Murat III (1574–1595)
- Papal States - Pope Sixtus V (1585–1590)
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth - Sigismund III Vasa (1587–1632)
- Russia
- Tsar - Feodor I, Tsar of Russia (1584–1598)
- Regent - Boris Godunov (1584–1598)
- Kingdom of Scotland - James VI (1567–1625)
- Kingdom of Spain and Kingdom of Portugal - Philip II (1556–1598)
- Kingdom of Sweden - John III (1568–1592)
- Principality of Transylvania - Sigismund Báthory (1581–1598)
- United Provinces
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Stadtholder - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland (1585–1625)
- Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan van Oldebarnevelt (1586–1619)
- Republic of Venice - Pasqual Cicogna, Doge of Venice (1585–1595)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1590
Famous quotes containing the word europe:
“For it does not follow because many books are written by persons born in America that there exists an American literature. Books which imitate or represent the thoughts and life of Europe do not constitute an American literature. Before such can exist, an original idea must animate this nation and fresh currents of life must call into life fresh thoughts along its shores.”
—Margaret Fuller (18101850)
“Humanism, it seems, is almost impossible in America where material progress is part of the national romance whereas in Europe such progress is relished because it feels nice.”
—Paul West (b. 1930)
“I thought ten thousand swords must have leaped from their scabbards to avenge even a look that threatened her with insult. But the age of chivalry is gone. That of sophisters, economists and calculators has succeeded; and the glory of Europe is extinguished forever.”
—Edmund Burke (17291797)