This is a list of noted scientists from India.
- Aryabhata
- Baudhayana
- Bhāskara I
- Bhāskara II
- Brahmagupta
- Charaka
- Halayudha
- Nagarjuna
- Sushruta
- Varāhamihira
- Kanada
- Animesh Chakravorty
- Anil Kakodkar - Nuclear Expert
- APJ Abdul Kalam – Ex President of India, Father of missile program of India
- Arun Netravali – chief Scientist and former CEO of Bell Labs
- Arun Majumdar
- Ashok Gadgil – inventor of the UV-disinfection method
- Ashoke Sen – string theorist
- U. Aswathanarayana
- Birbal Sahni
- CNR Rao
- Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis – founder of Indian Statistical Institute, known for introducing the concept of Mahalanobis distance
- C. R. Rao – known for Rao–Blackwell theorem, Cramér–Rao bound
- Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman – physicist who discovered and modelled the Raman effect
- D. Bap Reddy – entomologist
- D. R. Kaprekar – number theorist
- Jayant Narlikar – astrophysicist whose work on conformal gravity theory with Sir Fred Hoyle, called Hoyle–Narlikar theory
- Vinod Johri
- G Madhavan Nair
- G. N. Ramachandran
- Gajendra Pal Singh Raghava – bioinformatician
- Ganapathi Thanikaimoni - Botanist, Palynologist
- Gomatam Ravi - theoretical quantum physicist, one of the pioneers in the field of consciousness studies
- Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran
- Govindarajan Padmanabhan
- Har Gobind Khorana - Nobel Laureate; Biologist
- Harish Chandra
- Homi Jehangir Bhabha - Nuclear physicist ; Founder of Indian Nuclear program
- Jagdish Chandra Bose – pioneer of radio and microwave optics and inventor of the crescograph
- Jagjit Singh (writer) - science popularizer and UNESCO's first Asian Kalinga Award winner
- K. Radhakrishnan
- K. R. Ramanathan
- Kailas Nath Kaul – botanist
- Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao
- Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan
- Krishna Ella
- Lalji Singh - Biologist, face of India Cellular-Genetic research
- M.a.Padmanabha Rao- made Six Fundamental Physics Discoveries including the discovery of Bharat Radiation.
- M. G. K. Menon
- M. S. Swaminathan - Biologist ; face of India green revolution.
- Manchanahalli Rangaswamy Satyanarayana Rao
- Manindra Agrawal – computer scientist, co-inventor of the AKS primality testing algorithm
- Manilal Bhaumik – pioneer of laser therapy
- Man Mohan Sharma
- Meghnad Saha
- ML Madan
- Mathukumalli Vidyasagar - control theorist
- Nagendra Kumar Singh - plant biotechnologist, Functional Genomics (First to sequence Pigeonpea Genome)
- Nariman Mehta – developer of the smoking cessation drug Zyban
- Narendra Karmarkar – applied mathematician who developed Karmarkar's algorithm
- Nitya Anand
- Padmanabhan Balaram
- Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje
- Patcha Ramachandra Rao
- Pawan Kumar Bharti - environmentalist, Antarctician, Indian Antarctic Program, Goa
- Pranav Mistry - Inventor, Computer scientist
- Prem Chand Pandey – oceanographer, meteorologist, physicist, and founder director of the NCAOR, the Indian Antarctic Program
- Abhay Ashtekar – known for "Ashtekar Variables", and a founder of the theory of Loop quantum gravity
- Raghunath Anant Mashelkar
- Atul Kumar – medicinal chemist, developer of a new antiosteoporosis drug candidate
- Rajeev Motwani- Computer scientist
- Ranajit Chakraborty
- Roddam Narasimha
- S. Bhagavantam
- S. Ramaseshan
- Salim Ali
- Samir K. Brahmachari
- Satish Kumar- Mechanical Engineer, Who discovered and designed the new concepts of feature weapons
- Satyendra Nath Bose - best known for his work on quantum mechanics, Bose–Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate
- Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar
- Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar – mathematician, known for his work in algebraic geometry and Abhyankar's conjecture
- Sir M. Visvesvaraya
- Srinivasa Ramanujan
- Subramanyan Chandrasekhar
- Suri Bhagavantam - physicist
- Sunil Mukhi- physicist
- Sujoy K. Guha
- Sunder Lal Hora
- Swapan Chattopadhyay
- Rajesh Gopakumar - string theorist
- Tej P Singh
- Dronamraju Krishna Rao
- Udipi Ramachandra Rao
- Vainu Bappu
- Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
- Vijay P. Bhatkar
- Vikram Sarabhai-founder of space program of India
- VV Thanga Thirupathy an Inventor
- William Stephen Atkinson
- Yelavarthy Nayudamma - chemical engineer
- Yellapragada Subbarao
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“Whatever the scientists may say, if we take the supernatural out of life, we leave only the unnatural.”
—Amelia E. Barr (1831–1919)