S
- Sir Edward Sabine (Irish, 1788–1883) – measured oblateness of the Earth; established system of magnetic observatories
- Conrad Schlumberger (French, 1878–1936) – and Marcel Schlumberger (French, 1884–1953) – invented electric well logging
- Michael Schoenberg (1939–2008) – contributions to seismic anisotropy
- Nicholas Shackleton (British, 1937–2006) – paleoceanography, climate, Crafoord Prize, Vetlesen Prize
- Paul G. Silver (American, 1948–2009) – seismic anisotropy and splitting of shear waves
- Susan Solomon (American, 1956–) – proposed chlorofluorocarbons as the cause of the Antarctic ozone hole; Nobel peace prize.
- David J. Stevenson (New Zealander/American, 1948–) – theories of internal structure and evolution of planets
- Balfour Stewart (Scottish, 1828–1887) – observations of solar flares and geomagnetic storms
- Carl Størmer (Norwegian, 1874–1957) – motion of charged particles in the magnetosphere and origin of the aurora
Read more about this topic: List Of Geophysicists