Doctoral Degrees Gained After Graduation and Rigorous Examination
- Doctor of philosophy (Philosophiæ doctor – PhDr.)
- Doctor of natural sciences (Rerum naturalium doctor – RNDr.)
- Doctor of pharmacy (Pharmaciæ doctor – PharmDr.)
- Doctor of laws (Juris utrisque doctor – JUDr.)
- Doctor of paedeutics (Paedagogiæ doctor – PaedDr., no longer used in the Czech Republic)
- Doctor of theology (Theologiæ doctor – ThDr.)
- Doctor of economy (Rerum commercialum doctor – RCDr., no longer used)
- Doctor of social sciences (Rerum socialium doctor – RSDr., deprecated – used by the Czechoslovak communist regime)
These degrees are written before the name.
Doctoral degrees gained after graduation or after graduation and rigorous examination are popularly called small doctorate (malý doktorát in Czech).
Read more about this topic: List Of Doctoral Degrees Awarded By Country, Czech Republic and Slovakia
Famous quotes containing the words degrees, gained, rigorous and/or examination:
“The political truths declared in that solemn manner acquire by degrees the character of fundamental maxims of free Government, and as they become incorporated with national sentiment, counteract the impulses of interest and passion.”
—James Madison (1751–1836)
“Every good cause gained a victory when the Union troops were triumphant. Our final victory was the triumph of religion, of virtue, of knowledge.... During those four years, whatever our motives, whatever our lives, we were fighting on God’s side. We were doing His work. What would this country have been if we had failed?”
—Rutherford Birchard Hayes (1822–1893)
“A multitude of little superfluous precautions engender here a population of deputies and sub-officials, each of whom acquits himself with an air of importance and a rigorous precision, which seemed to say, though everything is done with much silence, “Make way, I am one of the members of the grand machine of state.””
—Marquis De Custine (1790–1857)
“A clergyman, again, can hardly ever allow himself to look facts fairly in the face. It is his profession to support one side; it is impossible, therefore, for him to make an unbiased examination of the other.”
—Samuel Butler (1835–1902)