List of Cyathus Species

Species

The following list of species is compiled from Brodie's monograph (1975) and subsequent revision (1984), as well as articles written since then describing new species or reducing others to synonymy.

Species	Distribution	Dimensions	Characteristics	Spore size (µm) shape
Etymology	Distribution	Dimensions	Characteristics	Spore size (µm) shape
C. africanus	Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania)	4–6 × 6–8	experidium not plicate, woolly, hairs of equal length knotted into tight curls; endoperidium smooth with faint or irregular ridges; peridioles 2–2.5 mm in diameter, silvery with tunica	6.5–8.5 × 8.5–12 ovoid, with a distinct apiculus
L. African	Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania)	4–6 × 6–8		6.5–8.5 × 8.5–12 ovoid, with a distinct apiculus
C. amazonicus	Brazil	9–11 × 5–7	experidium finely plicate, woolly, hairs yellowish-brown; endoperidium distinctly plicate; peridioles 2–3 × 1.2–2 mm, dark gray and shiny	14–19 × 12–16 subglobose
L. Amazon	Brazil	9–11 × 5–7		14–19 × 12–16 subglobose
C. annulatus	Cypress Hills (Canada)	7–10 × 7–12	pale brown, covered on exoperidium with tomentum; basal emplacement small and inconspicuous; endoperidium pale buff, shiny, lightly striate; lip of peridium with deep brown ring 0.5 mm wide; peridioles 1.5–1.75 mm, roughly triangular with shiny tunica	15.5–17 × 15–19 ellipsoid to ovate or roughly spherical
	Cypress Hills (Canada)	7–10 × 7–12		15.5–17 × 15–19 ellipsoid to ovate or roughly spherical
C. badius	Japan	8–10 × 6–8	Exoperidium dark brown, fruiting bodies arising from wooly base 3–mm in diameter; peridioles lenticular, 2.3 mm long by 2 mm wide by 0.6–0.9 mm thick, silvery-lead colored, with tunica.	15–18 × 11–13
L. badius (dull brown)	Japan	8–10 × 6–8		15–18 × 11–13
C. berkeleyanus	Widespread distribution in the tropics: West Indies, Florida, Mexico, Bolivia, Brazil, Hawaiian Islands	6–8 × 4–6	Exoperidium hairy in fresh specimens, but wears off in age, leaving surface smooth and plicate; inner surface variably plicate; peridioles dark brown, 1.5–3 mm in diameter; typically elliptical, with a thin tunica.	6–9 × 4–7
		6–8 × 4–6		6–9 × 4–7
C. bulleri	West Indies, Hawaiian Islands, Mexico	5–9 × 5–8	Exoperidium with fine tomentum and long, converging downward-pointing hairs, plicate in upper third; ectoperidal surface plicate, silvery; epiphragm white with vertical tufts of hyphae; peridioles 2–2.5 mm in diameter with thick tunica, silvery when fresh, dark-brown when old.	5–8.5 spherical
	West Indies, Hawaiian Islands, Mexico	5–9 × 5–8		5–8.5 spherical
C. canna	Tropical locales: Jamaica, Costa Rica, Barbados, Mexico, Mauritius	7–8 × 6–8	Exoperidium dark brown, scabrous with short tomentum; endoperidial surface smooth, white; peridioles with thin tunica on upper side.	7–9 roughly spherical
L. from Gr. canna (a reed)		7–8 × 6–8		7–9 roughly spherical
C. chevalieri	Oubangui	Up to 20 × 5–7	Resembles C. striatus	8 × 5 ovoid
	Oubangui	Up to 20 × 5–7	Resembles C. striatus	8 × 5 ovoid
C. colensoi	New Zealand, Australia	6–7 × 5–6	Cups bell-shaped, smooth with fine hairs pressed down on exoperidium; peridioles approximately 2 mm	Some ellipsoid, 10–12 × 8–10; some subglobose, 9–12
W. Colenso	New Zealand, Australia	6–7 × 5–6		Some ellipsoid, 10–12 × 8–10; some subglobose, 9–12
C. confusus	Yunnan (China)	11–17 × 5–9	Exterior surface light cinnamon colored, shaggy; interior surface light buff, smooth; tunica thick.	7–10 × 5–6.4 elliptic or narrowly obovate
L. confusus (confused)	Yunnan (China)	11–17 × 5–9		7–10 × 5–6.4 elliptic or narrowly obovate
C. cornucopiodes	China
	China
C. costatus	Puerto Rico	2.5–3 mm diameter	Exoperidium covered with dark, strigose hairs, ribbed, plicate; peridioles small (1 mm), black.	16–× 5– elliptical
L. costatus (ribbed)	Puerto Rico	2.5–3 mm diameter		16–× 5– elliptical
C. crassimurus	Hawaii	5 × 6–7	Golden colored, plicate, external hairs; radially wrinkled dark brown peridioles. Has a two-layered cortex and long narrow spores.	17–20 × 11–12 ellipsoid, very thick-walled (2.5–4 µm)
L. crassus (thick) murus (wall)	Hawaii	5 × 6–7		17–20 × 11–12 ellipsoid, very thick-walled (2.5–4 µm)
C. crispus	Ghana		Golden-colored, plicate peridia covered on external surface with curls of hyphal hairs
	Ghana
C. earlei	Tropical or subtropical: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Hawaii	6–7 × 8	Dark brown exterior, silvery (almost white) interior surface; tomentum of short hairs; peridioles up to 2 mm wide, thin tunica on upper side	12 × 10 to 22 × 12
F.S. Earle	Tropical or subtropical: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Hawaii	6–7 × 8		12 × 10 to 22 × 12
C. ellipsoideus	Mysore India		Pale colored and plicate; has peridioles and spores with an ellipsoidal outline.
	Mysore India
C. elmeri	Philippines	7–10 × 7–9	Peridioles ash-grey, powdery, 1.3–1.5 mm in diameter; thin tunica (100–150 µm thick).	18–22 × 10–12 ellipsoidal
A.D.E. Elmer	Philippines	7–10 × 7–9		18–22 × 10–12 ellipsoidal
C. fimicola	Puerto Rico, Mexico	2–3 × 4–5	Pale, with strigose matted hairs; peridioles small, black, 1.5 mm	8 × 16
	Puerto Rico, Mexico	2–3 × 4–5		8 × 16
C. gayanus	Chile, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Venezuela	153 × 5–6	Narrow, conic, dark brown, innter surface striate, out surface ony faintly striate; peridioles black, 3 mm with thick outer wall.	20–32 roughly spherical
C. Gay	Chile, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Venezuela	153 × 5–6		20–32 roughly spherical
C. gracilis	Luzon (Philippines)	4–7 × 8–10	Peridium slender, obconic, thin-walled (0.2–0.4 mm); outer surface umber- or rust-colored and covered with conical tufts of hairs, not plicate, inner surface same color as outer or lighter; epiphragm pale buff with brown hairs; peridioles 2 mm in diameter, circular.	20 × 10 ellipsoidal
L. gracilis (slender)	Luzon (Philippines)	4–7 × 8–10		20 × 10 ellipsoidal
C. griseocarpus

C. helenae	Alpine and boreal, and dry areas of Idaho			15–19 × 12–14
	Alpine and boreal, and dry areas of Idaho			15–19 × 12–14
C. hirtulus				18–25.5 × 7.5–9
				18–25.5 × 7.5–9
C. hookeri	India, New Zealand, Yunnan (China)	up to 14 × 10	Bell-shaped
J. Hooker	India, New Zealand, Yunnan (China)	up to 14 × 10	Bell-shaped
C. intermedius	West Indies, Florida, Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, Philippines	8–9 × 7–8	Pale fawn color, when young covered with tomentum organized in nodules; peridioles about 2 mm in diameter, with a thin tunica.	10–× 16 elliptical
L. inter (middle) and medius (middle)		8–9 × 7–8		10–× 16 elliptical
C. jiayuguanensis

C. julietae	Jamaica	7–8 × 7–8	Pale brown or yellow, obconic with straight sides, thin-walled; exoperidium not plicate, covered with very fine hairs; inside wall smooth, glossy; narrow basal emplacement; epiphragm pale brown or yellowish; peridioles black, elliptical, wriklned on upper surface, 1.5–1.75 mm long; thin tunica, single-layered cortex.	5–9 × 5–7 subglobose to ellipsoid, thin-walled.
L. from the name Juliet	Jamaica	7–8 × 7–8		5–9 × 5–7 subglobose to ellipsoid, thin-walled.
C. lanatus

C. lijiangensis	China	6–9 × 3–6	Obconic or funnel-shaped, outer surface covered by greyish-white hais and narrow tufts, plicate externally and internally, lip not setose; peridioles 1.5–2 × 1.5–1.8 mm, depressed, mostly round or ellipsoid.	15.5–18.5 × 11–15
	China	6–9 × 3–6		15.5–18.5 × 11–15
C. limbatus	British Guiana, West Indies, China, India, Africa, South America, Hawaiian Islands, Pacific Islands	7–10 × 6–7	Dark brown color, innrer and outer surfaces plicate; peridioles 2 mm wide or more, deep brown to black, shiny. Synonymous with C. cheliensis	16–22 × 10–12
L. limbatus (bordered, or fringed)		7–10 × 6–7		16–22 × 10–12
C. luxiensis	China
	China
C. microsporus	San Domingo, Cuba, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Hawaii, Florida	5–7 × 6–8	Obconic, exoperidium no plicate, at times hairy; endoperidium smooth or with faint ridges, but not plicate; peridioles black, about 2 mm	5–6 × 4
Gr. mikros (small) and spora (seed)	San Domingo, Cuba, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Hawaii, Florida	5–7 × 6–8		5–6 × 4
C. minimus	China	4–5 × 4	Exoperidium covered with hairs pressed-down. Interior surface smooth. Peridioles approximately 1 mm, with a thin tunica. Single-layered cortex, 50 µm thick.	18–20 × 10–12
L. minimus (smallest)	China	4–5 × 4		18–20 × 10–12
C. montagnei	Brazil, West Indies, Central America, Venezuela, Congo, Philippines, Thailand	7–10 × 8	dark brown, fading with age, outside hirsute, faintly plicate; inside walls widely plicate, silvery-colored Peridioles are black and shiny, with a thin tunica, cortex one-layered but may appear two-layered	20 × 12 ellipsoid
for Jean P. Montagne, French mycologist		7–10 × 8		20 × 12 ellipsoid
C. nigroalbus	Samoa, Fiji
	Samoa, Fiji
C. novae-zeelandiae	New Zealand
	New Zealand
C. olivaceobrunneus	Yunnan (China)	7–8 × 6		16–19 × 8.6–10 ellpitic, rounded at both ends
L. oliva (olive) and brunneus (brown)	Yunnan (China)	7–8 × 6		16–19 × 8.6–10 ellpitic, rounded at both ends
C. olla	Common, widespread	10–15 × 8–10	Flared outwards towards the mouth; exoperidium grey, fine-textured; endoperidium smooth; peridioles large, up to 3.5 wide, irregularly shaped, with tunica.	10–14 × 6–8
L. olla (pot)	Common, widespread	10–15 × 8–10		10–14 × 6–8
C. pallidus	West Indies, Mexico, South America (Brazil and Peru), United States (Georgia and Florida), Hawaiian Islands	5–7 × 5–7	Crucible shaped, pale buff-colored; thin and friable peridium walls; exoperidium covered with long down-ward-bent hairs; peridioles dark grey to black; 2 mm diameter; with a thin tunica.	7.5–15 × 4–8.5 Mostly ellipsoid.
L. pallidus (pale-colored)		5–7 × 5–7		7.5–15 × 4–8.5 Mostly ellipsoid.
C. pictus	Mexico	8–9 × 5	Outer surface with fine hairs clumped into small mounds; cinnamon brown when dry, dark brown when moist; the mouth has a distinct red-brown band (0.2–0.3 mm wide) immediately below the rim; insdie wall smooth, not plicate, lead-grey; emplacement large (7 mm); peridioles situated deep in cup, black, irregular shape (1.75–2 mm wide × 2–2.5 mm long), with depression on upper side; no tunica.	26–32 globose
L. picted (painted)	Mexico	8–9 × 5		26–32 globose
C. poeppigii	Warm countries: West Indies, South America, Hawaiian Islands, Asia, Africa, China, Florida	6–8 × 6	Narrowly obconic, felty or shaggy, reddish brown to dark brown, almost black in age; both inner and outer surface deeply fluted or plicate; peridioles black and shiny. Synonymous with C. megasporus	30–42 × 20–28 elliptical
Poeppig, the collector		6–8 × 6		30–42 × 20–28 elliptical
C. pullus	Yunnan China
	Yunnan China
C. pygmaeus	United States: Washington State, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, California; Santiago (Chile)	4–4.5 × 3.5–4	Exoperidium greyish brown, smooth, with appressed hairs; peridioles about 1 mm, with thin tunica. Synonymous with C. gansuensis	12–14 × 8–9
L. pygmaeus (dwarf)		4–4.5 × 3.5–4		12–14 × 8–9
C. renweii	China	8–10 × 5–6	Obconic or cup-shaped; outer surface brownish, with yellowish to pinkish hairs and narrow tufts, strongly plicate; peridioles 2 mm diameter	21–31 × 10.5–13.5 ellipsoid to elongate-ellipsoid
	China	8–10 × 5–6		21–31 × 10.5–13.5 ellipsoid to elongate-ellipsoid
C. rudis	New Caledonia, Amboina	5–10 × 5–8	Conic; striate on inner surface, with reddish squamules on outer surface; interior surface silvery-white; peridioles black-brown with thin tunica, 1 mm wide	9–12 × 5 elliptical
	New Caledonia, Amboina	5–10 × 5–8		9–12 × 5 elliptical
C. setosus	St Lucia, Trinidad, Guadelope, Jamaica, Mexico, Bolivia	8–10 × 7–8	Mouth of cup has stiff, dark setae 0.5–1 mm long; outside surface with fine appressed hairs and some longer tangled hairs; inside surface barely plicate, silvery; basal emplacement narrow (1.5–2 mm wide); epiphragm thin, white to pale buff; peridioles angular, black, shiny, 2.5 or more wide.	17–24 × 10–14
L. setosus (bristly or hairy)	St Lucia, Trinidad, Guadelope, Jamaica, Mexico, Bolivia	8–10 × 7–8		17–24 × 10–14
C. sinensis	Kyushu Islands (Japan)	5–6 × 2.5–5	Peridium with obconic shape, woolly exoperidial surface (hairs tufted), cinnamon-brown color; inner surface smooth, lead-white; peridioles grey, 1.3 mm wide, 0.5 mm thick.	12.5–18.5 × 8.3–10.3 ellipsoid
L.sinensis (Chinese)	Kyushu Islands (Japan)	5–6 × 2.5–5		12.5–18.5 × 8.3–10.3 ellipsoid
C. stercoreus	Worldwide
L. "stercorarius (of dung)	Worldwide
C. striatus	Widespread in temperate regions; Europe, America, India, Japan, China, Mexico			18–20 × 8–10
				18–20 × 8–10
C. subglobisporus	Northern Thailand		Ivory-coloured fruiting bodies covered with shaggy hairs, plications on the inner surface of the peridium and subglobose basidiospores.
	Northern Thailand
C. triplex	West Indies, Florida, Venezuela, Hawaii, Philippines, Thailand	5–6 × 5	Outer surface smooth, covered with scabrous hairs, innrer sirface smooth, silvery white; peridioles 2 mm with very thin tunica.	16–22 × 12–14 ellipsoid
L. triplex (threefold)		5–6 × 5		16–22 × 12–14 ellipsoid
C. yunnanensis	China			14.5–22.5 × 10.5–18
	China			14.5–22.5 × 10.5–18

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List of Cyathus Species - Species

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