List of Bones of The Human Skeleton

A typical adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones. Individuals may have more or fewer bones than this owing to anatomical variations. The most common variations include additional (i.e. supernumerary) cervical ribs or lumbar vertebra. Sesamoid bone number can also vary between individuals. The figure of 206 bones is commonly repeated but must be noted to have some peculiarities in its method of counting. As noted below, the craniofacial bones are counted separately despite the synostoses which occur naturally in the skull. Some reliable sesamoid bones (e.g., pisiform) are counted, while others (e.g., hallux sesamoids) are not. The number of bones changes with age, as multiple ossific nuclei joined by synchondroses fuse into fewer mature bones, a process which typically reaches completion in the third decade of life.

Bones

Cranial (8)

• frontal bone
• parietal bone (2)
• temporal bone (2)
• occipital bone
• sphenoid bone
• ethmoid bone

facial bones (14):

• mandible
• maxilla (2)
• palatine bone (2)
• zygomatic bone (2)
• nasal bone (2)
• lacrimal bone (2)
• inferior nasal conchae (2)
• vomer

In the middle ears (6):

• malleus (2)
• incus (2)
• stapes (2)

In the throat (1):

• hyoid bone

In the shoulder girdle (4):

• scapula or shoulder blade (2)
• clavicle or collarbone (2)

In the thorax (25):

• sternum or breastbone, comprising the body of sternum (gladiolus), manubrium, and xiphoid process (1)
• ribs (2 x 12)

In the vertebral column (24):

• cervical vertebrae (7)
• thoracic vertebrae (12)
• lumbar vertebrae (5)

In the arms (2):

• Humerus (2)

In the forearms (4):

• radius (2)
• ulna (2)

In the hands excluding sesamoid bones (54):

• Carpal (wrist) bones:
  • scaphoid bone (2)
  • lunate bone (2)
  • triquetrum bone (2)
  • pisiform bone (2)
  • trapezium (2)
  • trapezoid bone (2)
  • capitate bone (2)
  • hamate bone (2)
• Metacarpus (palm) bones:
  • metacarpal bones (5 × 2)

• Digits of the hands (finger bones or phalanges):
  • proximal phalanges (5 × 2)
  • intermediate phalanges (4 × 2)
  • distal phalanges (5 × 2)

In the pelvis (4):

• sacrum
• coccyx or tailbone
• os coxae or hipbone, comprising the fused ilium, ischium, and pubis (2)

In the thighs (2):

• femur (2)

In the legs (6):

• patella (2)
• tibia (2)
• fibula (2)

In the feet excluding sesamoid bones (52):

• Tarsal (ankle) bones:
  • calcaneus or heel bone (2)
  • talus (2)
  • navicular bone (2)
  • medial cuneiform bone (2)
  • intermediate cuneiform bone (2)
  • lateral cuneiform bone (2)
  • cuboid bone (2)

• Metatarsus bones:
  • metatarsal bone (5 × 2)

• Digits of the feet (toe bones or phalanges):
  • proximal phalanges (5 × 2)
  • intermediate phalanges (4 x 2)
  • distal phalanges (5 x 2)