Kuiper or Kuyper is a Dutch language surname. Notable people with the name include:
- Abraham Kuyper (1837–1920), Dutch politician and theologian
- Adrian Kuiper (born 1959), South African cricketer
- David Kuiper (born 1980), Dutch rower
- Duane Kuiper (born 1950), American baseball player
- Franciscus Bernardus Jacobus Kuiper (1907–2003), Dutch Indologist
- Gerard Kuiper (1905–1973), Dutch-American astronomer
- Glen Kuiper (born 1963) American broadcaster
- Hennie Kuiper (born 1949), Dutch cyclist
- Michael Kuiper (born 1989), Dutch martial artist
- Nick Kuiper (born 1982), Canadian ice hockey player
- Nicky Kuiper (born 1989), Dutch footballer
- Nicolaas Kuiper (1920–1994), Dutch mathematician
- Peter Kuiper (1929–2007), German actor
- Rienk Kuiper (1886–1966), Frisian-Dutch president of Calvin College
- Roel Kuiper (born 1962), Dutch historian, philosopher and politician
- Taco Kuiper (1941–2004), South African publisher and journalist
- Ted Kuiper (2004 - Present) American Lead Transportation Security Officer