Jayne is a surname, and may refer to:
- Benjamin A. Jayne, Author and Professor of Wood Physics and Associate Dean of the College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Billy Jayne, an American television and film actor
- Caroline Furness Jayne (1873–1909), an American ethnologist
- David Jayne (1751–1837), Baptist Minister and Church Planter in Northeast Pennsylvania after serving as Chaplain in Revolutionary War
- David Jayne (1799–1866), medical doctor, professor at the University of Pennsylvania, founder of Dr. Jayne's Family Medicines
- Ebenezer Jayne (1754–1826), Baptist minister, author of hymns, publisher of Baptist Hymnal
- Edgar P. Jayne (-1998), professor at the University of Connecticut
- Francis Jayne, a British bishop and academic
- Horace Jayne (1859–1913), an American biologist, zoologist, professor at the University of Pennsylvania and author
- Horace Howard Furness Jayne (1898–1975), was the first curator of Chinese art at the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
- Ira W. Jayne, an American judge
- Jennifer Jayne, a British actress
- Joseph Lee Jayne (1863–1928), Rear Admiral in the United States Navy and veteran of the Spanish-American War and World War I.
- Keith Jayne, a British television actor
- Robert Jayne, an American actor
- Sam Jayne, vocalist/guitarist of indie band Love as Laughter, formerly of Lync.
- Samuel Jayne, Jr., Member of New York state assembly from Yates County, New York, 1851.
- Scudder Jayne (1824–1902), Shipbuilder and Captain on Long Island, New York
- Timothy Jayne (1741–1790), Captain, 4th Company, First Battalion, from the County of Northampton, Province of Pennsylvania, Revolutionary War, 1776.
- Wilfred H. Jayne, Jr., Member of New Jersey state senate from Ocean County, 1932.
- William "DeJeanne" Jayne (1618–1714), pioneer settler of Setauket, Long Island, Suffolk County, New York
- William Jayne (1826–1916), an American statesman and governor during the American Civil War
- William Jayne (1843–1917), Baptist minister and founder of the Flat Gap Enterprise Academy
- William H. Jayne (1823–1906), pioneer homesteader and civic leader
- William Legrande Jayne, PhD, (1873–1930), noted educator, dean of Morehead State University in Kentucky
It is a Hindu girls name meaning 'victory' or 'one who helps achieve victory'. It is also a Christian name, as a variety to Jane.