Notable Kingdoms and Sultanates
- Kanem Empire (700 AD - 1376 AD)
- Caliphate of Córdoba (756 AD – 1031 AD)
- Idrisid dynasty (789 AD - 974 AD)
- Maghrawa dynasty (987 AD - 1070 AD)
- Kingdom of Kano (1000 AD - 1805 AD)
- Almoravid dynasty (1073 AD – 1147 AD)
- Almohad dynasty (1147 AD – 1269 AD)
- Mali Empire (1230s CE – 1600s CE)
- Marinid dynasty (1258 AD – 1420 AD)
- Ifat Sultanate (1285 AD - 1415 AD)
- Warsangali Sultanate (1298 AD - present)
- Ajuuraan Empire (1300s AD - 1600s AD]
- Songhai Empire (1340 AD - 1591 AD)
- Bornu Empire (1369 AD - 1893 AD)
- Adal Sultanate (1415 AD - 1555 AD)
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- Wattasid dynasty (1420 AD – 1554 AD)
- Sennar Sultanate (1502 AD - 1821 AD)
- Saadi dynasty (1554 AD – 1659 AD)
- Dendi Kingdom (1591 AD - 1901 AD)
- Sultanate of Darfur (1603 AD - 1874 AD)
- Alaouite dynasty (1666 AD - current)
- Kong Empire (1710 AD - 1894 AD)
- Majeerteen Sultanate (mid-1700s – early 1900s)
- Kingdom of Fouta Tooro (1776 AD - 1861 AD)
- Sokoto Caliphate (1804 AD - 1903 AD)
- Kingdom of Gomma (early 1800s AD – 1886 AD)
- Kingdom of Jimma (1830 AD – 1932 AD)
- Kingdom of Gumma (1840 AD – 1902 AD)
- Wassoulou Empire (1878 AD - 1898 AD)
- Sultanate of Hobyo (1880s AD - 1920s AD)
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