The Independence II culture was a Paleo-Eskimo culture that flourished in northern and northeastern Greenland (700 BCE to 80 BCE), north and south of the Independence Fjord. The Independence II culture arose in the same region as the Independence I culture, which became extinct six centuries earlier. Independence II was in part contemporaneous with the Dorset culture occupation in southern Greenland; but the latter persisted until 1400 CE.
The archaeological finds of Independence I culture and Independence II cultures are credited to Danish explorer Eigil Knuth.
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—Rutherford Birchard Hayes (1822–1893)
“Let a man attain the highest and broadest culture that any American has possessed, then let him die by sea-storm, railroad collision, or other accident, and all America will acquiesce that the best thing has happened to him; that, after the education has gone far, such is the expensiveness of America, that the best use to put a fine person to is to drown him to save his board.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)