Hyakunin isshu (百人一首?) is a traditional anthology style of compiling Japanese waka poetry where each contributor writes one poem for the anthology. Literally, it translates to "one hundred people, one poem ". It also refers to the card game of uta-garuta, which uses a deck composed of poems from one such anthology.
The most famous hyakunin isshu, often referred to as "the" Hyakunin Isshu because no other one compares to its notability, is the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu, compiled by Fujiwara no Teika (or Sadaie, 1162 – 1241) while he lived in the Ogura district of Kyoto, Japan.
Read more about Hyakunin Isshu: Compilation, Poems, Ogura Hyakunin Isshu, Arashiyama, English Translations, Other Hyakunin Isshu Anthologies, Card Game