Early History
Prior to middle 15th century rule, the region that is Bikaner was a barren wilderness called "Jangladesh". The territory forming the boundaries of Bikaner was ruled by Jat dynasty of Jats : The north-eastern and north-western Rajasthan, known by the name Jangala Desh since Mahabharata times, was inhabited by Jat clans ruled by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customary law. The chiefs enjoyed a large amount of autonomy, from their nominal overlord, the sultanate of Delhi.
Whole of the region was possessed by six or seven Jat cantons namely Sihag, Punia, Godara, Saran, Beniwal, Johiya and Kaswan. Besides these cantons there were several sub-castes of Jats, simultaneously wrested from Rajput proprietors for instance Bagor, Kharipatta, Mohila or Mehila, Bhukar, Bhadu, Chahar. According to History of Bikaner State and by the scholars, the region was occupied by Jats with their seven territories. It is said about Jat territories that Saat Patti Sattavan Majh (means seven long and fifty-seven small territories).
| Name of territory | Chieftain | Controlled by | No. of villages | Capital | Names of districts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sihag | Chokha | Jats | 150 | Suin | Rawatsar, Biramsar, Dandusar, Gandaisi |
| Punia | Kanha | Jats | 300 | Jhansal/Luddi | Bhadra, Ajitpur, Sidhmukh, Rajgarh, Dadrewa, Sankhoo |
| Beniwal | Raisal | Jats | 150 | Raisalana | Bhukarkho, Sanduri, Manoharpur, Kooi, Bae |
| Johiya | Sher Singh | Jats | 600 | Bhurupal | Jaitpur, Kumanu, Mahajan, Peepasar, Udasar |
| Saharan | Pula | Jats | 300 | Bhadang | Khejra, Phog, Buchawas, Sui, Badnu, Sirsila |
| Godara | Pandu | Jats | 700 | Shekhsar | Shekhsar, Pundrasar, Gusainsar (Bada), Gharsisir, Garibdesar, Rungaysar, Kalu |
| Kaswan | Kanwarpal | Jats | 100 | Sidhmukh |
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