Ghaznavid Empire

Ghaznavid Empire

History of Afghanistan

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Ancient

Proto-Elamite civilization	2300–1800 BCE
Indus valley civilization	2200–1800 BCE
Oxus civilization	2100–1800 BCE
Aryans	1700–700 BCE
Median Empire	728–550 BCE
Achaemenids	550–330 BCE
Seleucids	330–150 BCE
Mauryans	305–180 BCE
Greco-Bactrians	256–125 BCE
Indo-Greeks	180–130 BCE
Indo-Scythians (Sakas)	155–80? BCE
Indo-Parthians	20 BCE – 50? CE
Kushans	135 BCE – 248 CE
Sassanids	230–565
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Kidarites	320–465
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Medieval

Rashidun Caliphate	642–641
Umayyads	661–750
Abbasids	750–821
Tahirids	821–873
Saffarids	863–900
Samanids	875–999
Ghaznavids	963–1187
Seljukids	1037–1194
Khwarezmids	1077–1231
Ghorids	1149–1212
Ilkhanate	1258–1353
Kartids	1245–1381
Timurids	1370–1506
Arghun	1479–1522
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Modern

Hotaki dynasty	1709–1738
Afsharids	1738–1747
Durrani Empire	1747–1826
Emirate	1826–1919
Kingdom	1919–1973
Republic	1973–1978
Democratic Republic	1978–1992
Islamic State	1992–2001
Islamic Emirate	1996–2001
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History of the Turks
Turkic Khaganate 552–744
Western Turkic
Eastern Turkic
Khazar Khaganate 650-1048
Turgesh Khaganate 699-766
Uyghur Khaganate 744-840
Kara-Khanid Khanate 840–1212
Western Kara-Khanid
Eastern Kara-Khanid
Pecheneg Khanates 860–1091	Kimek Khanate 743–1035
Kipchak Khanates 1067–1239	Oghuz Yabgu State 750–1055

Shatuo Dynasties 923–979
Later Tang Dynasty
Later Jin Dynasty
Later Han Dynasty (Northern Han)
Ghaznavid Empire 963–1186
Seljuq Empire 1037–1194
Khwarezmian Empire 1077–1231
Seljuq Sultanate of Rum 1092–1307
Delhi Sultanate 1206–1526
Mamluk Dynasty
Khilji Dynasty
Tughlaq Dynasty
Cairo Sultanate 1250–1517
Bahri Dynasty
Other Turkic Dynasties In Anatolia Artuqid Dynasty Saltuqid Dynasty In Azerbaijan Aqsunqurid Dynasty Ildenizid Dynasty In Egypt Tulunid Dynasty Ikhshidid Dynasty In Syria and Al-Jazira Burid Dynasty Zengid Dynasty

The Ghaznavid dynasty (Persian: غزنویان‎) was a Turkic mamluk Muslim dynasty which adopted Persianate culture and ruled much of Persia, Transoxania, and the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent from 975 to 1186. The dynasty was founded by Sebuktigin, upon his succession to rule Ghazna (modern-day Ghazni Province in Afghanistan) after his father-in-law, Alp Tigin, who was a break-away ex-general of the Samanids from Balkh, north of the Hindu Kush in Khorasan.

Sebuktigin's son, Mahmud of Ghazni, expanded the Ghaznavid Empire by stretching it between the Oxus River (Amu Darya) to the Indus Valley and the Indian Ocean; and in the west it reached Rey and Hamadan (modern-day Iran). Due to the political and cultural influence of their predecessors - that of the Persian Samanid Empire - the originally Turkic Ghaznavid rulers had become Persianized.

Under the reign of Mas'ud I, the Ghaznavid dynasty began losing control over its western territories to the Seljuqs after the Battle of Dandanaqan, resulting in a restriction of its holdings to modern-day Afghanistan, Western Punjab and the Balochistan region. In 1151, Sultan Bahram Shah lost Ghazni to Ala'uddin Hussain of Ghor.

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