The Convention
As the particulars of the Korean boundary dispute with Qing China and the large population of ethnic Koreans in Gando was no secret to anyone in Northeast Asia, it is likely that the Japanese proposed the Gando Convention as a potential threat to continue pressing to claim Gando for Korea as a part of the Japanese Empire if the concessions by China to Japan listed in the Convention were not granted.
Treaties and agreements, while often lopsided in that era (see unequal treaties), often did at least nominally include concessions for all parties signing such agreements. In the Convention, Japan agreed to recognize Gando as Chinese territory and to withdraw its forces from there back into Korea within two months of the date of the agreement. In return, China conceded exclusive railroad rights in Manchuria to Japan, among other things. The convention also contained provisions for the protection and rights of ethnic Koreans under Chinese rule.
Read more about this topic: Gando Convention
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