Galactoside

A galactoside is a glycoside containing galactose. The H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by an organic moiety.

Depending on whether the glycosidic bond lies "above" or "below" the plane of the galactose molecule, galactosides are classified as α-galactosides or β-galactosides.

A β-galactoside is a type of galactoside in which the glycosidic bond lies above the plane of the galactose residue. The most commonly recognized and used β-galactoside in biochemistry is lactose. However, other chemicals, such as ONPG, are known, but these are typically synthesized for biochemical assays. An enzyme that breaks the β-galactoside bond is called a β-galactosidase.


Glycosides
Bond
  • O-glycosidic bond
  • N-glycosidic bond
  • S-glycosidic bond
  • C-glycosidic bond
Geometry
  • α-Glycoside
  • β-Glycoside
  • 1,4-Glycoside
  • 1,6-Glycoside
Glycone
  • Fructoside
  • Galactoside
  • Glucoside
  • Glucuronide
  • Rhamnoside
  • Riboside
Aglycone
  • Alcoholic glycoside
  • Anthraquinone glycoside
  • Cardiac glycoside
    • Bufadienolide
    • Cardenolide
  • Coumarin glycoside
  • Cyanogenic glycoside
  • Flavonoid glycoside
  • Glycosylamine
  • Phenolic glycoside
  • Saponin
  • Steviol glycoside
  • Thioglycoside
  • biochemical families: proteins (amino acids/intermediates)
  • nucleic acids (constituents/intermediates)
  • carbohydrates (glycoproteins, alcohols, glycosides)
  • lipids (fatty acids/intermediates, phospholipids, steroids, sphingolipids, eicosanoids)
  • tetrapyrroles/intermediates