Fumiko Enchi - Literary Career

Literary Career

Enchi's literary career began in the 1920s, when she wrote several stage plays that betrayed her sympathies with the proletarian literature movement. Banshun Soya (Noisy Night in Late Spring), her first work, was performed at the Tsukiji Shogekijo. She later began to write fiction but unlike her smooth debut as a playwright, she found it very hard to get her stories published.

She also attended the lectures of Kaoru Osanai, the founder of modern Japanese drama. In 1930, she married Yoshimatsu Enchi, a journalist with whom she had a daughter. In 1945 Enchi's home and all her possessions burned during an air raid towards the end of the Pacific War, and for several years immediately after the war she struggled with uterine cancer and surgical complications. She had two major operations, a mastectomy in 1938 and a hysterectomy in 1946.

In 1953, her novel Himojii Tsukihi ("Days of Hunger") was finally received favorably and the following year she won an award from the Society of Women Writers. Her novel is a violent, harrowing tale of family misfortune and physical and emotional deprivation. Her next novel was also highly praised: Onna zaka ("The Waiting Years", 1949–1957) won the Noma Literary Prize. It analyzes the plight of women who have no alternative but to accept the demeaning role assigned to them in the concubine system. From the 1950s onward, she became quite successful, and wrote numerous novels and short stories exploring female psychology and sexuality.

She was awarded the Order of Culture by the Japanese government in 1985.

Fumiko Enchi died of a heart attack suffered while she was at a family event in 1986. Her grave is in Yanaka Cemetery, Tokyo.