Clitic Order
The French personal pronouns except disjunctive ones are all clitics, and phonologically attached to the verb or to the auxiliary verb if any. The word order of the pronominal clitics and the negative clitic ne is strictly determined as follows. Only one clitic can be used for each slot.
- Proclitic order
- Slots 3 and 5 cannot coexist.
| Number | Person | Slot | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | ||
| Nom | Neg | Obj | COD | COI | Loc | de | ||
| Singular | 1st | je | me | |||||
| 2nd | tu | te | ||||||
| 3rd | il | le | lui | y | en | |||
| elle | la | |||||||
| on | se | |||||||
| Plural | 1st | nous | nous | |||||
| 2nd | vous | vous | ||||||
| 3rd | ils | les | leur | |||||
| elles | ||||||||
| ne | ||||||||
- Enclitic order
- This order is used only for positive imperatives. Slots 5 and 6 cannot coexist.
| Number | Person | Slot | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ||||
| COD | COI | Obj | Loc | de | ||||
| Singular | 1st | -moi1 | ||||||
| 2nd | -toi1 | |||||||
| 3rd | -le | -lui | (-z)-y1 | (-z)-en1 | ||||
| -la | ||||||||
| Plural | 1st | -nous | ||||||
| 2nd | -vous | |||||||
| 3rd | -les | -leur | ||||||
- The clitics -moi and -toi become -m' and -t' respectively when followed by either -en or -y. In colloquial French, however, it is possible to keep -moi and -toi intact and change -en and -y to -z-en and -z-y respectively, or, to put slot 6 after slot 8.
- ex. The imperative sentences corresponding to « Tu m'en donnes »:
- « Donne-m'en. » /dɔn.mɑ̃/ (formal)
- « Donne-moi-z-en. » /dɔn.mwa.zɑ̃/ (informal)
- « Donnes-en-moi. » /dɔn.zɑ̃.mwa/ (informal)
Read more about this topic: French Personal Pronouns
Famous quotes containing the word order:
“The complete life, the perfect pattern, includes old age as well as youth and maturity. The beauty of the morning and the radiance of noon are good, but it would be a very silly person who drew the curtains and turned on the light in order to shut out the tranquillity of the evening. Old age has its pleasures, which, though different, are not less than the pleasures of youth.”
—W. Somerset Maugham (1874–1965)