A fat-tailed distribution is a probability distribution that has the property, along with the heavy-tailed distributions, that they exhibit extremely large skewness or kurtosis. This comparison is often made relative to the ubiquitous normal distribution, which itself is an example of an exceptionally thin tail distribution, or to the exponential distribution. Fat tail distributions have been empirically encountered in a fair number of areas: economics, physics, and earth sciences. Fat tail distributions have power law decay in the tail of the distribution, but do not necessarily follow a power law everywhere.
Read more about Fat-tailed Distribution: Definition, Fat Tails and Risk Estimate Distortions, Applications in Economics, Applications in Geopolitics
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“The man who pretends that the distribution of income in this country reflects the distribution of ability or character is an ignoramus. The man who says that it could by any possible political device be made to do so is an unpractical visionary. But the man who says that it ought to do so is something worse than an ignoramous and more disastrous than a visionary: he is, in the profoundest Scriptural sense of the word, a fool.”
—George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950)