An Extern Minister was an Irish minister appointed by the Governor-General of the Irish Free State on the nomination of a committee of Dáil Éireann. Unlike Irish Ministers of the Crown, who together formed the Executive Council of the Irish Free State and shared collective cabinet responsibility as His Majesty's Government in the Irish Free State, an Extern Minister was intended to be a minister who operated outside the Executive Council, had no share in collective cabinet responsibility, and whose term of office was independent of that of the Executive Council.
Read more about Extern Minister: Origins, Constitutional Provisions, Abandonment of The Innovation
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“[T]he minister preached a sermon on Jonah and the whale, at the end of which an old chief arose and declared, “We have heard several of the white people talk and lie; we know they will lie, but this is the biggest lie we ever heard.””
—Administration in the State of Miss, U.S. public relief program (1935-1943)