EIPH in Horses
EIPH has been reported to occur in a variety of race horse breeds including racing Thoroughbreds (both racing on the flat and over jumps), American Quarter Horses (incidence of 50-75%), Standardbreds (incidence of 40-60%), Arabians, and Appaloosas. EIPH has also been reported in eventers, jumpers, polo ponies, endurance horses, draft horses that pull competitively, and horses taking part in Western speed events such as reining, cutting and barrel racing. EIPH is now considered to be an inevitable consequence of moderate to intense exercise in horses and other athletic animals. The lowest intensities of exercise which have been reported to cause EIPH are intense trotting (40-60% maximal oxygen uptake) and cantering at speeds of 16–19 miles per hour (26–31 km/h).
It occurs less frequently in stallions than mares or geldings, but it is associated with airway inflammation and increasing age.
The affliction occurs when blood enters the air passages of a horse's lung, due to fractured lung capillaries. Blood is sometimes evident discharging from a horse's nostrils (epistaxis), however, epitaxis usually only occurs in 5% of bleeders. If a horse does not exhibit epistaxis but is suspected to have EIPH, an endoscopic exam is performed soon after the horse is exercised.
Read more about this topic: Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage
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... of treatments have been used or suggested for treatment of EIPH, including resting, anti-inflammatories (e.g ... and the diuretic furosemide have been shown to have similar efficacy in reducing EIPH under laboratory and field conditions ... has shown that concentrated equine serum also reduced EIPH ...
... BAL is performed and if a horse has experienced EIPH then the fluid that is recovered can be observed to be pink or red in colour ... numbers of red blood cells in BAL represent a quantitative estimate of the severity of EIPH ... BAL red blood cell counts are more sensitive for detecting EIPH than visualisation of blood in the trachea, but may be less useful in the case of severe hemorrhage ...
... While all horses undertaking intense exercise experience some degree of EIPH, some horses consistently experience greater haemorrhage and other horses experience ... In the case of horses that consistently demonstrate greater severity of EIPH this is most likely due to congenital factors, such as very high pulmonary vascular pressures ... In horses that experience isolated episodes of increased severity of EIPH, possible contributing factors may include, amongst others, pulmonary infection or atrial fibrillation ...
... cytological examination of either a tracheal wash or bronchoalveolar sample can indicate that EIPH has occurred ... In the case of EIPH, the numbers will be several magnitudes or more higher ... digested red blood cells from previous episodes of EIPH ...
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“General statements omit what we really want to know. Example: “Some horses run faster than others.””
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