The European wars of religion were a series of wars waged in Europe from ca. 1524 to 1697, following the onset of the Protestant Reformation in Western and Northern Europe. Although sometimes unconnected, all of these wars were strongly influenced by the religious change of the period, and the conflict and rivalry that it produced.
Individual conflicts that can be distinguished within this topic include:
- conflicts immediately connected with the Reformation of the 1520s to 1540s:
- the German Peasants' War (1524–1525)
- the battle of Kappel in Switzerland (1531)
- the Schmalkaldic War (1546–1547) in the Holy Roman Empire
- the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) in the Low Countries
- the French Wars of Religion (1562–1598)
- the Thirty Years War (1618–1648), affecting the Holy Roman Empire including Habsburg Austria and Bohemia, France, Denmark and Sweden
- the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651), affecting England, Scotland and Ireland
- Scottish Reformation and Civil Wars
- English Reformation and Civil War
- Irish Confederate Wars and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
- Nine Years' War (1688–97)
Read more about European Wars Of Religion: The Holy Roman Empire, France, Great Britain and Ireland, Denmark
Famous quotes containing the words european, wars and/or religion:
“No European spring had shown him the same intermixture of delicate grace and passionate depravity that marked the Maryland May.”
—Henry Brooks Adams (1838–1918)
“We have to have wars now and then just to prove we’re top dog.”
—Reginald Berkeley (1890–1935)
“The foregoing generations beheld God and nature face to face; we, through their eyes. Why should not we also enjoy an original relation to the universe? Why should not we have a poetry and philosophy of insight and not of tradition, and a religion by revelation to us, and not the history of theirs?”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)