Solvability
The dyadic transformation is an exactly solvable model in the theory of deterministic chaos. The square-integrable eigenfunctions of the associated transfer operator of the Bernoulli map are the Bernoulli polynomials. These eigenfunctions form a discrete spectrum with eigenvalues for non-negative integers n. There are more general eigenvectors, which are not square-integrable, associated with a continuous spectrum. These are given by the Hurwitz zeta function; equivalently, linear combinations of the Hurwitz zeta give fractal, differentiable-nowhere eigenfunctions, including the Takagi function. The fractal eigenfunctions show a symmetry under the fractal groupoid of the modular group.
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