Spontaneous
Spontaneous or accidental DNA fragmentation is fragmentation that gradually accumulates in a cell. It can be measured by e.g. Comet assay.
The degree of DNA fragmentation can predict outcomes for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and its expansion intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCD) and TUNEL assay are both effective in detecting sperm DNA damage. Using bright-field microscopy, the SCD test appears to be more sensitive than the TUNEL assay.
Its main units of measurement is DNA fragmentation index (DFI). A DFI of 20% or more significantly reduces the success rates after ICSI.
Read more about this topic: DNA Fragmentation
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