Landmarks in History of Vaccines
Year | Landmark |
---|---|
1000 | Chinese practicing variolation |
1545 | Smallpox epidemic in India |
1578 | Whooping cough epidemic in Paris |
1625 | Early smallpox in North America |
1633 | Colonial epidemic |
1661 | Kangxi Emperor gives royal support for inoculation. |
1676 | Thomas Sydenham documents Measles infection |
1676 | "The Indian Plague" in Iroquois documented by Louis de Buade de Frontenac |
1694 | Queen Mary II dies of smallpox on 28 December. |
1699 | Yellow Fever outbreak in the American Colonies. |
1718 | Lady Mary Montagu had her 6-year old son variolated in Constantinople by Dr. Charles Maitland |
1721 | Lady Mary Montagu had her 2-year old daughter variolated in England by Dr. Charles Maitland |
1736 | Benjamin Franklin’s 4-year-old son dies of smallpox. |
1740 | Friedrich Hoffmann gives first description of rubella |
1757 | Francis Home demonstrates infectious nature of measles |
1760 | Edward Jenner learns about smallpox protection from a milkmaid |
1796 | Edward Jenner introduces smallpox vaccine |
1800 | Benjamin Waterhouse brings smallpox vaccination to United States |
1817 | Cholera pandemic begins |
1817 | Panum studies epidemiology of measles in Faroe Islands |
1854 | Filippo Pacini isolates Vibrio cholerae |
1874 | A compulsory smallpox vaccination and revaccination law goes into in effect in Germany |
1880 | Louis Pasteur develops attenuated fowl cholera vaccine |
1881 | Louis Pasteur and George Sternberg independantly discover Pneumococcus |
1882 | Koch isolates tubercle bacilli |
1882 | Louis Pasteur successfully prevents rabies in Joseph Meister by post-exposure vaccination |
1888 | Institut Pasteur inaugurated on 14 November |
1890 | Shibasaburo Kitasato and Emil von Behring immunize guinea pigs with heat-treated diphtheria toxin |
1892 | Pfeiffer discovers Pfeiffer influenza bacillus |
1894 | First major documented polio outbreak in the United States occurrs in Rutland County, Vermont |
1896 | Koch discovers Cholera vibrio |
1899 | Yellow fever plagues Panama Canal workers resulting in transfer of project rights from France to United States |
1900 | Walter Reed discovers cause of yellow fever after studying it in Cuba |
1906 | Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou isolate Bordetella pertussis |
1908 | Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper discover poliovirus |
1924 | BCG is introduced as live tuberculosis vaccine |
1935 | Max Theiler develops live attenuated 17D yellow fever vaccine |
1945 | Chick embryo allantoic fluid-derived influenza vaccine is developed |
1949 | John Enders cultivates poliovirus in tissue culture |
1955 | Jonas Salk introduces injectable inactivated polio vaccine |
1961 | Albert Sabin develops oral live attenuated polio vaccine |
1960-1969 | Live attenuated vaccines for Measles, Mumps and Rubella are developed |
1974-1984 | Polysaccharide vaccines for Meningococcus, Pneumococcus and Hemophilus are developed |
1981 | Smallpox declared eradicated worldwide |
1981 | Hepatitis B vaccine is licenced |
1983 | Hemophilus influenzae carbohydrate-protein conjugate is developed |
1986 | Yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccine is licensed |
1994 | Polio declared eliminated from Americas |
2002 | Polio declared eradicated from Europe |
2012 | Polio declared eliminated from India |
Read more about this topic: Delivery System, History
Famous quotes containing the words landmarks and/or history:
“The lives of happy people are dense with their own doingscrowded, active, thick.... But the sorrowing are nomads, on a plain with few landmarks and no boundaries; sorrows horizons are vague and its demands are few.”
—Larry McMurtry (b. 1936)
“Man watches his history on the screen with apathy and an occasional passing flicker of horror or indignation.”
—Conor Cruise OBrien (b. 1917)