Conditional (computer Programming) - Choice System Cross Reference

Choice System Cross Reference

This table refers to the most recent language specification of each language. For languages that do not have a specification, the latest officially released implementation is referred to.

Programming language Structured if switch/select/case Arithmetic if Pattern matching
then else else-if
Ada Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
C/C++ Yes Yes unneeded fall-through No No
C# Yes Yes unneeded Yes No No
Eiffel Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
F# Yes Yes Yes unneeded No Yes
Fortran Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Haskell Yes needed unneeded unneeded No Yes
Java Yes Yes unneeded fall-through No No
ECMAScript (JavaScript) Yes Yes unneeded fall-through No No
Oberon Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Perl Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
PHP Yes Yes Yes fall-through No No
Pascal, Delphi Yes Yes unneeded Yes No No
Python Yes Yes Yes No No No
QuickBASIC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Ruby Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
SQL Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Visual Basic, classic Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Visual Basic .NET Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Windows PowerShell Yes Yes Yes fall-through No No
  1. ^ This refers to pattern matching as a distinct conditional construct in the programming language – as opposed to mere string pattern matching support, such as regular expression support.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 The often-encountered else if in the C family of languages, and in Haskell, is not a language feature but a set of nested and independent if then else statements combined with a particular source code layout. However, this also means that a distinct else-if construct is not really needed in these languages.
  3. 1 2 In Haskell and F#, a separate constant choice construct is unneeded, because the same task can be done with pattern matching.
  4. 1 2 SQL has two similar constructs that fulfill both roles, both introduced in SQL-92. A "searched CASE" expression CASE WHEN cond1 THEN expr1 WHEN cond2 THEN expr2 ELSE exprDflt END works like if ... else if ... else, whereas a "simple CASE" expression: CASE expr WHEN val1 THEN expr1 ELSE exprDflt END works like a switch statement. For details and examples see Case (SQL).

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