Special Methods
| String representation | Object copy | Value equality | Object comparison | Hash code | Object ID | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human-readable | Source-compatible | ||||||
| ABAP Objects | |||||||
| C++ (STL) | x == y | ||||||
| C# | x.ToString | x.Clone | x.Equals(y) | x.CompareTo(y) | x.GetHashCode | ||
| Java | x.toString | x.clone | x.equals(y) | x.compareTo(y) | x.hashCode | System.identityHashCode(x) | |
| JavaScript | x.toString | ||||||
| D | x.toString or std.conv.to!string(x) |
x.stringof | x == y | x.toHash | |||
| Objective-C (Cocoa) | |||||||
| Smalltalk | x displayString | x printString | x copy | x = y | x hash | x identityHash | |
| Python | str(x) | repr(x) | copy.copy(x) | x == y | cmp(x, y) | hash(x) | id(x) |
| Visual Basic .NET | x.ToString | x.Clone | x.Equals(y) | x.CompareTo(y) | x.GetHashCode | ||
| Eiffel | x.out | x.twin | x.is_equal(y) | When x is COMPARABLE, one can simply do x < y | When x is HASHABLE, one can simply do x.hash_code | When x is IDENTIFIED, one can simply do x.object_id | |
| PHP | sprintf("%s", x) | clone x | x == y | spl_object_hash(x) | |||
| Perl | "$x" | Data::Dumper->Dump(,) | Storable::dclone($x) | Scalar::Util::refaddr( $x ) | |||
| Perl 6 | ~x | x.perl | x.clone | x eqv y | x cmp y | x.WHICH | |
| Ruby | x.to_s | x.inspect | x.dup or x.clone |
x == y or x.eql?(y) |
x <=> y | x.hash | x.object_id |
| Windows PowerShell | x.ToString | x.Clone | x.Equals(y) | x.CompareTo(y) | x.GetHashCode | ||
| OCaml | Oo.copy x | x = y | Hashtbl.hash x | Oo.id x | |||
| F# | string x or x.ToString or sprintf "%O" x | sprintf "%A" x | x.Clone | x = y or x.Equals(y) | compare x y or x.CompareTo(y) | hash x or x.GetHashCode | |
Read more about this topic: Comparison Of Programming Languages (object-oriented Programming)
Famous quotes containing the words special and/or methods:
“Beauty, like all other qualities presented to human experience, is relative; and the definition of it becomes unmeaning and useless in proportion to its abstractness. To define beauty not in the most abstract, but in the most concrete terms possible, not to find a universal formula for it, but the formula which expresses most adequately this or that special manifestation of it, is the aim of the true student of aesthetics.”
—Walter Pater (1839–1894)
“A woman might claim to retain some of the child’s faculties, although very limited and defused, simply because she has not been encouraged to learn methods of thought and develop a disciplined mind. As long as education remains largely induction ignorance will retain these advantages over learning and it is time that women impudently put them to work.”
—Germaine Greer (b. 1939)