City of Brunswick - History

History

The area that was to become the City of Brunswick was first surveyed in 1839, a large tract of mostly flat land bounded on the east and west by the Merri Merri and the Moonee Ponds creeks respectively. The land was subdivided into long narrow agricultural allotments running east and west from a central service road, later to become Sydney Road. In 1841, Thomas Wilkinson, one of the major landowners in the area named his estate Brunswick after Princess Caroline of Brunswick, wife of King George IV of England. In 1846 a post office taking the name Brunswick was opened on this estate. In 1852 the Brunswick Hotel was opened on Sydney Road.

On 29 September 1857 Brunswick was proclaimed a municipal district. The first meeting of the Council of the new municipality was held in the Cornish Arms Hotel on 23 October that year. There were seven councillors elected by the votes of 581 landowners from 14 nominations. The councillors represented two wards, four from the working class south and three from the more moneyed north. Despite a numerical disadvanatge, the northern councillors proved more powerful and influential. The purpose-built municipal chambers were opened in 1859 on Sydney Road. This building became the Borough Chambers when the municipality was proclaimed a Borough in 1862, being turned into a police station when a Town Hall was constructed in the centre of the town in 1876.

In 1870 the southern border became Park Street when the City of Melbourne defined its boundaries. Between 1869 and 1877 there were toll gates operated by the Government on the main north-south thoroughfares of Brunswick (Sydney Road and Lygon Street) at Park Street and Moreland Road, the northern boundary. In 1884 the precursor to the Upfield railway line opened, running from Spencer Street at the western edge of Melbourne city to Coburg, with two stations in Brunswick at what are today named Jewell and Brunswick stations. Thus far, commercial activity in Sydney Road had been concentrated at its southern end, but after 1884 the shopping strip began to be extended north of Albert Street.

In 1887, Hill Farm to the west of the municipality was subdivided, bringing the town of West Brunswick into existence, centred on Daly Street. On 1 October the same year, the cable tram to the city centre opened. On 13 April 1888, Brunswick reached the status of a Town (Municipal). In 1889 the Brunswick Gas company was launched. In 1897 the first motor car in Victoria arrived courtesy of Brunswick resident John Pender. That same year on 18 October, the area's first permanent Labor political organisation was formed, the United Labor Party, Brunswick Branch.

In 1904 Brunswick elected its first representative in the Victorian Legislative Assembly, the state parliament. Frank Anstey of the Labor Party was the member, and the party has held the seat ever since. Between 1957 to 1976 there were two seats, Brunswick East and Brunswick West.

On 15 January 1908, Brunswick was proclaimed a City, and on 21 April 1921 it was divided into four wards—North East, North West, Central and South.